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From Consciousness to Being: Edith Stein’s Philosophy and Its Reception in North America

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The Reception of Husserlian Phenomenology in North America

Part of the book series: Contributions to Phenomenology ((CTPH,volume 100))

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Abstract

In this chapter, I discuss the impact and legacy of Edith Stein’s philosophy in Canada and the United States. I identify three waves of reception of Stein’s philosophical work since her untimely death in 1942. The first phase we can refer to as the “Preservation of Edith Stein’s Legacy.” The second phase consists of a dissemination of her work and the third, more contemporary phase revolves around new scholarship and applications of her thought to various philosophical and social-political questions. Deeply structured and conditioned by Protestant sensibilities, Canada and the United States have divided Stein’s philosophical legacy along two lines: phenomenology and Christian philosophy.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Allen, Prudence. 1995. Edith Stein: The Human Person as Male and Female. In Images of the Human: The Philosophy of the Human Person in a Religious Context, eds. Hunter Brown, Leonard Kennedy and John Snyder, 399–432. Chicago: Loyola Press; Baseheart, Mary Catharine. 1987. Edith Stein’s Philosophy of the Person. In Edith Stein Symposium [Carmelite Studies 4], ed. John Sullivan, 34–49. Washington DC: ICS Publications; Borden Sharkey, Sarah. Spring 2005. Introduction to Edith Stein’s ‘The Interiority of the Soul’. Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture 8:2, 178–182; Kavunguvalappil Antony. 1998. Theology of Suffering and Cross in the Life and Works of Blessed Edith Stein. Bern: Peter Lang.

  2. 2.

    For example: Andrews, Michael. 2002. Contributions to the Phenomenology of Empathy: Edmund Husserl, Edith Stein and Emmanuel Levinas (Ph.D. dissertation). Villanova, PA: Villanova University; Schudt, Karl. 2001. Faith and Reason in the Philosophy of Edith Stein (Ph.D. dissertation). Milwaukee: Marquette University; Nemazee, Rowshan. 2000. ‘Ave Crux, spes unica’: The Theology of the Cross in the Life and Works of Edith Stein (MA dissertation). Montreal: McGill University; Van den Berg, Regina. 2000. Community in the Thought of Edith Stein (Ph.D. dissertation). Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America.

  3. 3.

    Donavan, Victor. 1990. Edith Stein and the Cross. In Blessed by the Cross: Five Portraits of Edith Stein, ed. James A. Sullivan. New Rochelle, NY: Catholics United for the Faith; Payne, Steven. 1991. Edith Stein and John of the Cross. Teresianum, 50:I–II, 239–256; Wright, Terrence C.. 2005. Edith Stein: Prayer and Interiority. In The Phenomenology of Prayer, ed. Bruce Benson and Norman Wirzba, 134–141. Bronx, NY: Fordham University Press.

  4. 4.

    Brenner, Rachel Feldhay. 2003. Writing as Resistance: Four women Confronting the Holocaust: Edith Stein, Simone Weil, Anne Frank, Etty Hillesum. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.

  5. 5.

    Oben, Freda Mary. 1988. Edith Stein: Scholar, Feminist, Saint. New York: Alba House); Oben, Freda Mary. 2000. The Life and Thought of St. Edith Stein. New York: Alba House.

  6. 6.

    For example, Herbstrith, Waltraud. 1992. Edith Stein: A Biography. Chicago: Ignatius Press.

  7. 7.

    Ales Bello, Angela. 2003. L’universo nella coscienza. Introduzione alla fenomenologia di Edmund Husserl, Edith Stein e Hedwig Conrad-Martius. Pisa: Edizioni ETS.

  8. 8.

    Pezzella, Anna Maria. 2003. L’antropologia filosofica di Edith Stein. Indagine fenomenologica della persona umana. Rome: Città Nuova.

  9. 9.

    Sawicki, Marianne. 1997. Body, Text and Science: the Literacy of Investigative Practices and the Phenomenology of Edith Stein (original doctoral dissertation, University of Kentucky, 1996). Boston: Kluwer Academic Press.

  10. 10.

    See: http://www.mta.ca/wpbell/index.htm

  11. 11.

    http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0031-8205&site=1

  12. 12.

    Stein, Edith. 1986. Life in a Jewish Family, tr. Josephine Koeppel, OCD. Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications, 257, 292, 301.

  13. 13.

    For example, see Bell, Jason M.. 2011. The German Translation of Royce’s Epistemology by Husserl’s Student Winthrop Bell: A Neglected Bridge of Pragmatic-Phenomenological Interpretation?. The Pluralist, vol. 6, no.1, 46–62; Bell, Jason M.. 2011. Introduction: On the Discovery of Two Manuscripts by Edmund Husserl. Journal of Speculative Philosophy, vol. 25, no. 3, 239–246.

  14. 14.

    Allers, Rudolf. 1946. On Darkness, Silence, and the Nought. Thomist, 9 (1946), 515–572; Allers, Rudolf. 1952. Review of Edith Steins Werke II. New Scholasticism, 26, 480–485.

  15. 15.

    Now published as: Stein, Edith. 2000. Ways to Know God. In Knowledge and Faith, tr. Walter Redmond. Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications.

  16. 16.

    Stein, Edith. 1946. Ways to Know God: The ‘Symbolic Theology’ of Dionysius the Aeropagite and Its Factual Presuppositions, tr. Rudolf Allers. The Thomist 9, 379–420.

  17. 17.

    Stein, Edith. 1960. Science of the Cross, tr. Hilda C. Graef. Chicago: Regnery; new edition translated by Josephine Koeppel, OCD. 2003. Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications. In Collected Works of Edith Stein, volume 6.

  18. 18.

    O’Connor, Flannery. 1979. The Habit of Being, ed. Sally Fitzgerald. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 173.

  19. 19.

    Nota, Jan. 1987. Edith Stein and Martin Heidegger. In Edith Stein Symposium [Carmelite Studies 4], ed. John Sullivan. Washington DC: ICS Publications, 50–73; Nota, Jan. 1987. Misunderstanding and Insight About Edith Stein’s Philosophy. Human Studies, 10, 205–212.

  20. 20.

    http://161.58.74.187/brandsma/html/biography.html

  21. 21.

    http://hiw.kuleuven.be/hiw/eng/husserl/About/History.php

  22. 22.

    Pryzywara, Erich. 1956. Edith Stein et Simone Weil: Essentialisme, existentialisme, analogie. Les Études philosophiques, 11:3, 458–472.

  23. 23.

    Baseheart, Mary Catherine. 1993. Edith Stein’s Philosophy of Community. The Personalist Forum (Supplement), 8:1, 163–173; ——. 1998. Edith Stein’s Phenomenology of the State. In Reinterpreting the Political: Continental Philosophy and Political Theory, ed. Lenore Langsdorf, 51–63. Albany, NY: SUNY Press; ——. 1987. Edith Stein’s Philosophy of the Person. In Edith Stein Symposium [Carmelite Studies 4], ed. John Sullivan, 34–49. Washington DC: ICS Publications; ——. 1989. Edith Stein’s Philosophy of Woman and Women’s Education. Hypatia. A Journal of Feminist Philosophy, 4:1, 267–279 [also in Hypatia’s Daughters (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1996)]; ——. 1960. The Encounter of Husserl’s Phenomenology and the Philosophy of St. Thomas in Selected Writings of Edith Stein (Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy, University of Notre Dame, 1960); ——. 1981. Infinity in Edith Stein’s Endliches und Ewiges Sein. Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, 55, 126–134; ——. 1963. The Manner is Contemporary. America, 109 (August 31, 1963), 214–215; ——. 1966. On Educating Women: The Relevance of Stein. Continuum, 4 (Summer), 197–207 [also in Response, 1 (1967), 4–8, 32–34 and Search, 9:9 (January 1967), 344–350; ——. 1997. Person in the World: Introduction to the Philosophy of Edith Stein. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; ——. 1963. Review of Stein’s Edith Steins Werke V and VI. New Scholasticism, 37, 94–97.

  24. 24.

    Stein, Edith. 1998 and 2002. L’être fini et l’être éternel: Essai d’une atteinte du sens de l’être. Paris: Nauwelaerts.

  25. 25.

    See Calcagno, Antonio. 2017. Edith Stein’s Second Account of Empathy and Its Philosophical Implications. Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal—New School New York, vol. 38, n. 1, 131–147.

  26. 26.

    For example, Healy, John. 1976 and 1977. Empathy with the Cross: A Phenomenological Approach to the ‘Dark Night’. In Essays in Honor of Joseph P. Brennan, ed. R. McNamara, 21–35. Rochester, NY: The Seminary; Acampora, Ralph. 2006. Corporal Compassion: Animals, Ethics and Philosophy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 160.

  27. 27.

    De Vignemont, Frédérique and Singer, Tania. 2006. The Empathic Brain: How, When and Why?. Trends in Cognitive Science, 10, 435–441.

  28. 28.

    Bornemark, Jonna. 2012. “Alterity in the Philosophy of Edith Stein: Empathy and God. http://artelittera.blogspot.ca/2012/01/alterity-in-philosophy-of-edith-stein.html. Accessed July 5, 2018.

  29. 29.

    Sawicki, Marianne. 1997. Body, Text and Science: The Literacy of Investigative Practices and the Phenomenology of Edith Stein (Doctoral dissertation, University of Kentucky, 1996), published: Boston: Kluwer Academic Press. See also Marianne Sawicki’s Introductions to Edith Stein’s Philosophy of Psychology and the Humanities (2000) and An Investigation of the State in Collected Works of Edith Stein (2007).

  30. 30.

    Stein, Edith. 1996. Essays on Woman, tr. Freda Oben. Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications.

  31. 31.

    MacIntyre, Alasdair. 2006. Edith Stein: A Philosophical Prologue, 1913–1922. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

  32. 32.

    Stein, Edith. 2000. Knowledge and Faith, tr. Walter Redmond. Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications; Stein, Edith. 2009. Potency and Act, tr. Walter Redmond. Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications.

  33. 33.

    Stein, Edith. 2002. Finite and Eternal Being: An Attempt at the Ascent of the Meaning of Being, tr. Kurt Reinhard. Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications, 2002. Walter Redmond is currently revising the translation.

  34. 34.

    Borden-Sharkey, Sarah. 2001. An Issue in Edith Stein’s Philosophy of the Person: The Relation of Individual and Universal Form in Endliches und ewiges Sein (Ph.D. dissertation). New York: Fordham University; ——. 2003. Edith Stein [Outstanding Christian Thinkers]. New York: Continuum; ——. 2006. Edith Stein and Individual Forms: A Few Distinctions regarding Being an Individual. Yearbook of the Irish Philosophical Society, ed. Catherine Kavanagh. Maynooth: Maynooth College. 49–69; ——. 2008. Edith Stein and John Paul II on Women. In Karol Wojtyla’s Philosophical Legacy, ed. Nancy Mardas Billias, Agnes B. Curry, and George F. McLean, 265–276. Washington, DC: The Council for Research in Values in Philosophy; ——. 2008. Edith Stein and Thomas Aquinas on Being and Essence. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly (Special edition), 82:1 (Winter), 87–104; ——. 2006. Edith Stein’s Understanding of Woman. International Philosophical Quarterly 46:2 (June), 171–190; ——. 2005. Introduction to Edith Stein’s ‘The Interiority of the Soul’. Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture 8:2 (Spring), 178–182; ——. 2006. Review of Literature in English on Edith Stein. In Contemplating Edith Stein, ed. Joyce A. Berkman, 320–342. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press; ——. 2010. Thine Own Self: Individuality in Edith Stein’s Later Writings. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press; ——. 2006. What makes You You?: Edith Stein on Individual Form. In Contemplating Edith Stein, ed. Joyce Berkman, 283–300. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

  35. 35.

    Berkman, Joyce Avrech. Ed. 2006. Contemplating Edith Stein (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006); ——. 2008. Edith Stein: A Life Unveiled and Veiled. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly (special edition) 82:1 (Winter), 5–29; ——. 2006. The German-Jewish Symbiosis in Flux: Edith Stein’s Complex National/Ethnic Identity. In Contemplating Edith Stein, ed. Joyce Avrech Berkman, 170–199. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press; ——. 1997. ‘I am Myself It’: Comparative National Identity Formation in the Lives of Vera Brittain and Edith Stein. Women’s History Review, 6:1, 47–73; ——.2006. The Intellectual Passion of Edith Stein: a Biographical Profile. In Contemplating Edith Stein, ed. Joyce Avrech Berkman, 15–47. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

  36. 36.

    Beauvais, Chantal. 2005. Edith Stein et Erich Przywara: La réconciliation du noétique et de l’ontique. Laval Théologique et Philosophique, vol. 61, no. 2, 319–335; ——. 2002. Edith Stein et la modernité. Laval Théologique et Philosophique, vol. 58, no. 1, 117–136.

  37. 37.

    Sweet, William and Feist, Richard. 2003. Introduction: Husserl, Stein, and Phenomenology. In Husserl and Stein, eds. Richard Feist and William Sweet. Washington, DC: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy.

  38. 38.

    Mitscherling, Jeffrey. 1997. Roman Ingarden’s Ontology and Aesthetics. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.

  39. 39.

    Allen, Sr Prudence. 1995. Edith Stein: The Human Person as Male and Female. In

    Images of the Human: The Philosophy of the Human Person in a Religious Context, ed. Hunter Brown, Leonard Kennedy and John Snyder, 399–342. Chicago: Loyola Press; ——. 1996. Metaphysics of Form, Matter, and Gender. Lonergan Workshop, ed. Fred Lawrence, vol. 12. Boston, MA: Boston College, 1–25; ——. 2001.The Passion of Saint Edith Stein. Fides Quaerens Intellectum, 1:2 (Winter), 201–250; ——. 1998. Review of Stein’s Woman. Review of Metaphysics, 52:1, 180–181; ——. 1993. Sex and Gender Differentiation in Hildegard of Bingen and Edith Stein. Communio, 20 (Summer), 389–414.

  40. 40.

    Lebech, Mette. 2005. Edith Stein’s Philosophy of Education in The Structure of the Human Person. Religion, Education, and the Arts, Issue V: The Philosophy of Education, 5, 55-70; ——. 2009. On the Problem of Human Dignity: A Hermeneutical and Phenomenological Investigation. Würzburg: Verlag Königshausen & Neumann; ——. 2009. Stein’s Phenomenology of the Body: The Constitution of the Human Being between Description of Experience and Social Construction. Yearbook of the Irish Philosophical Society 2008, (ed.) Fiachra Long; ——. 2004. Study Guide to Edith Stein’s Philosophy of Psychology and the Humanities”. Yearbook of the Irish Philosophical Society: Voices of Irish Philosophy 2004, 40–76; ——. 2005. The Identification of Human Dignity (Doctoral thesis, Philosophy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Hoger Instituut voor Wijsbegeerte, Belgium); ——. 2000. Why does John Paul II Refer to Edith Stein in Fides et Ratio?. In The Challenge of Truth, ed. J. McEvoy. Dublin: Veritas.

  41. 41.

    For example, Marianne Sawicki presented a paper at the inaugural meetings of the International Association for the Study of Edith Stein detailing the use of Stein’s political philosophy vis-à-vis changes in EU policies on sovereignty. June 2011 at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth.

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  1. King’s University College at Western University, London, ON, Canada

    Antonio Calcagno

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Correspondence to Antonio Calcagno .

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  1. Holy Apostles College and Seminary, Cromwell, CT, USA

    Michela Beatrice Ferri

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Calcagno, A. (2019). From Consciousness to Being: Edith Stein’s Philosophy and Its Reception in North America. In: Ferri, M.B. (eds) The Reception of Husserlian Phenomenology in North America. Contributions to Phenomenology, vol 100. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99185-6_25

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