Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Commentary social justice and sustainable agriculture: Moving beyond theory

  • Published:
Agriculture and Human Values Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the ongoing debates in the sustainable agriculture community is whether its platform should include social justice issues like farmworker rights, economic concentration, and hunger. The commentary describes the evolution of this controversy, and places it in the context of competing and complicated moral theories that turn out to be of somewhat limited use in political arguments. The essay also outlines ways in which the present political climate is presenting a challenge to sustainable agriculture proponents, who, in response, are building new linkages with urban interests, including anti-hunger organization. Despite abstract philosophical and more real political problems, a community food security agenda is being crafted, joining the interests of small farms, family farm, and sustainability advocates, and anti-hunger groups. Their focus is community and economic development as a way to improve the quality and availability of inner city food supplies, and to develop new markets and political allies for farmers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aiken, William. 1977. “The Right to be Saved from Starvation”. In W. Aiken and H. La Follette (eds.),World Hunger and Moral Obligation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., pp. 85–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aiken, William. 1982. “The Goals of Agriculture.” In R. Haynes and R. Lanier (eds.)Agriculture, Change and Human Values-Proceedings of a Multidisciplinary Conference. University of Florida, Gainesville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aiken, William. 1984. “Ethical Issues in Agriculture.” In Tom Regan (ed.),Earthbound: New Introductory Essays in Environmental Ethics. New York: Random House, pp. 247–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, Patricia. 1993. “Connecting the Social and the Ecological in Sustainable Agriculture.” In Patricia Allen (ed.),Food for the Future: Conditions and Contradictions of Sustainability. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pp. 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, Patricia, Debra Van Dusen, Jackelyn Lundy, and Stephen Gliessman. 1991. “Integrating social, environmental, and economic issues in sustainable agriculture.”American J. Alternative Agriculture 6(1): 34–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altieri, Miguel. 1988. “Beyond agroecology: Making sustainable agriculture part of a political agenda.”American J. Alternative Agriculture 3(4): 142–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baier, Annette. 1984. “For the Sake of Future Generations.” In Tom Regan (ed.), Earthbound:New Introductory Essaysin Environmental Ethics. New York: Random House, pp. 214–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barraclough, Solon. 1991.An End to Hunger? The Social Origins of Food Strategies. London: Zed Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonanno, Alessandro. 1991. “The restructuring of the agricultural and food system: Social and economic equity in the reshaping of the agrarian question and the food question.”Agriculture and Human Values 8 (4): 72–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, William. 1988.Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, W., J. Skees, L. Swanson, P. Thompson, and L. Unnevehr. 1992.Sacred Cows and Hot Potatoes: Agrarian Myths in Agricultural Policy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttel, F. H., C. Harris, and S. Powers. 1980. “Social Class and Agrarian Political Ideology.” Revised version of paper presented at Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, August, 1979, Boston.

  • Buttel, F. H. 1990. “Social Relations and the Growth of Modern Agriculture.” In C. R. Carroll, J. H. Vandermeer, and P. Rosset (eds.)Agroecology. New York: McGraw-Hill Publ. Co., pp. 113–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttel, Frederick H. 1993. “The Production of Agricultural Sustainability: Observations from the Sociology of Science and Technology.” In Patricia Allen (ed.),Food for the Future: Conditions and Contradictions of Sustainability. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pp. 19–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callicott, J. Baird. 1993. “The Search for an Environmental Ethic.” In Tom Regan (ed.),Matters of Life and Death: New Introductory Essaysin Moral Philosophy. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., pp. 322–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clancy, Katherine. 1984. “Can Sustainable Agriculture Engender a Sustainable Diet?” Paper presented at Second Conference on Sustainable Agriculture, Pomona College, Pomona, CA.

  • Clancy, Katherine L. 1993. “Sustainable Agriculture and Domestic Hunger: Rethinking a Link Between Production and Consumption.” In Patricia Allen (ed.),Food for the Future: Conditions and Contradictions of Sustainability. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pp. 251–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Community Nutrition Institute. 1994. “Sustainable Ag Advocates Meet for National Dialogue.”Nutrition Week 24 (9): 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crews, T., C. Mohler, and A. Power. 1991. “Energetics and ecosystem integrity: The defining principles of sustainable agriculture.”American J. Alternative Agriculture 6 (3): 146–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglass, Gordon. 1984. “The Meanings of Agricultural Sustainability.” In G. K. Douglass (ed.)Agricultural Sustainability in a Changing World Order. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freudenberger, C. Dean. 1982. “The Ethical Foundations of the Idea of Sustainable Agriculture.” In R. Haynes, and R. Lanier (eds.)Agriculture, Change and Human Values—Proceedings of A Multidisciplinary Conference. University of Florida, Gainesville, Vol. 2, pp. 622–632.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, Kathryn Paxton. 1992. “Sustainability and the moral community.”Agriculture and Human Values 9 (4): 48–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershuny, G., and T. Forster. 1992. “Should ‘Organic’ Mean Socially Responsible?”Organic Farmer 3 (1): 5–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gips, Terry. 1988. “What Is A Sustainable Agriculture?” In P. Allen and D. VanDusen (eds.)Global Perspectives on Agroecology and Sustainable Agricultural Systems. Proceedings of the 6th Annual IFOAM Conference. Santa Cruz, CA, Vol. 1, pp. 63–74.

  • Goodin, Robert E. 1985.Protecting the Vulnerable. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodpaster, Kenneth. 1978. “On being morally considerable.”J. of Philosophy 15: 308–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, Robert, Andy Fisher, and Mark Winne. 1994. “A Community Food Security Act: A Proposal for New Food System Legislation as Part of the 1995 Farm Bill.” Los Angeles, CA. and Hartford, CT.

  • Hardin, Garrett. 1974. “Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor.” In W. Aiken and H. La Follette, H. (eds.),World Hunger and Moral Obligation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 11–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, Richard P. 1991. “Food and Justice: The Real Issues.” In Charles V. Blatz (ed.),Ethics and Agriculture — An Anthology on Current Issues in World Context. Moscow: University of Idaho Press, pp. 585–591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, Edward. 1984. “Treating the Dirt: Environmental Ethics and Moral Theory.” In Tom Regan (ed.),Earthbound: New Introductory Essays in Environmental Ethics. New York: Random House, pp. 336–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenney, Martin, Linda Lobao, James Curry, and W. Richard Goe. 1991. “Agriculture in U. S. Fordism: The Integration of the Productive Consumer.” In W. H. Friedland, L. Busch, F. H. Buttel and A. P. Rudy (eds.)Towards a New Political Economy of Agriculture. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 173–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane, Sylvia and Christine Bruhn. 1992. “Organic foods: their demand will remain low.”Choices. First Quarter: 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Neill, Onora. 1986.Faces of Hunger: An Essay on Poverty, Justice and Development. Boston: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Neill, Onora. 1993. “Ending World Hunger.” In Tom Regan (ed.),Matters of Life and Death: New Introductory Essays in Moral Philosophy. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., pp. 235–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redclift, Michael. 1993. “Sustainable Development: Concepts, Contradictions and Conflicts.” In Patricia Allen (ed.),Food for the Future: Conditions and Contradictions of Sustainability. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp., 169–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan, Tom. 1991. “Living as if Life Matters.” In Tom Regan (ed.),The Thee Generation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp. 7–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan, Tom. 1993. “Vegetarianism and Sustainable Agriculture: The Contributions of Moral Philosophy.” In Patricia Allen (ed.),Food for the Future: Conditions and Contradictions of Sustainability. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp., 103–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Select Committee on Hunger. U. S. House of Representatives. 1990.Food Security in the United States. Committee Report. U. S. GPO. Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, Philip T. 1985. “Moral Conflictin Agriculture: Contest or Moral Coevolution?” In Charles V. Blatz (ed.),Ethics and Agriculture-An Anthology on Current Issuesin World Context. Moscow: University of Idaho Press, pp. 130–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shue, Henry. 1980.Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence and U. S. Foreign Policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, Arthur. 1984.Bread for the World. Revised Edition. New York: Paulist Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, Peter. 1977. Reprinted in Aiken, W. And H. La Follette (eds.),World Hunger and Moral Obligation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. pp. 22–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, Peter. 1975.Animal Liberation. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Paul. 1981. "The ethics of respect for nature."Environmental Ethics 3: 197–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, Paul B. 1988. “Ethical dilemmas in agriculture: The need for recognition and resolution.”Agriculture and Human Values. 5(4): 4–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, Paul B. 1992.The Ethics of Aid and Trade: U. S. Food Policy, Foreign Competition, and the Social Contract. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, Jeremy. 1994. "Environmental legislation bogged down in Congress."St. Paul Pioneer Press. Sept. 18. p. 11A.

Download references

Authors

Additional information

Kate Clancy is Professor of Human Nutrition in the Department of Nutrition and Foodservice Management at Syracuse University. Her major area of interest is the food system, with particular emphasis on the linkages among agricultural, health, and welfare policies in the U. S. She is Vice President of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society, and a member of the Food Advisory Committee to the Food and Drug Administration.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Clancy, K. Commentary social justice and sustainable agriculture: Moving beyond theory. Agric Hum Values 11, 77–83 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01530419

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01530419

Keywords

Navigation