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Campus Feminisms

A Conversation with Jess Lishak, Women’s Officer, University of Manchester Students’ Union, 2014–2016

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Abstract

Drawing from a long history of feminist writing grounded in personal reflection and informal dialogue between feminist thinkers, Cobb and Godden-Rasul present an email-based conversation with Jess Lishak, the outgoing Women’s Officer at the University of Manchester Students’ Union (2014–2016). The conversation draws on Cobb and Godden-Rasul’s experience as feminist academics engaged in critical institutional practice through such initiatives as editing the Inherently Human blog, organising the Inspirational Women of Law exhibition, and participating in university working groups on campus-based harassment and violence. In asking Lishak to reflect on her journey to feminism and her experiences of activism, the conversation ranges over such issues as personal influences and experiences, strategies for securing institutional support, encouraging student engagement with feminism, and campaigning tactics. The conversation developed out of a “Campus Feminisms” event in March 2016, which explored the rise of exciting new grassroots single-issue campaigns and political mobilisations by students in higher education, and was organised by Cobb and Godden-Rasul at Newcastle University, UK. Undergraduate and postgraduate students shared their personal struggles and achievements in bringing feminist ideas and campaigns to their university campuses. Lucy Morgan, the Gender Equality Officer at Newcastle University Students’ Union, offered inspiring reflections on her efforts to reinvigorate the ‘F’ word, in the face of simultaneous student apathy and backlash. Many of these campus-based mobilisations have demanded better institutional responses to sexual violence against women. At around the same time, Cobb was beginning a new role as the co-chair of the University of Manchester’s first Task & Finish Group on Sexual Violence and Harassment on Campus. This followed Universities UK’s decision to create a taskforce to consider options for improving institutional responses to student safety. In the process, Cobb crossed paths with Lishak, who had been appointed a member of the UUK Taskforce in light of her path-breaking students’ union work addressing violence against women. Since Lishak was an exemplar of this new feminist wave in higher education, one that was still inadequately understood by feminist academics despite often working side-by-side within the same institutions, the authors embarked on this conversation in order to better understand the relationship between academic and student feminist activism on campus. As Lishak makes clear in her own reflections, there is nothing inevitable about the synergies between these movements, but there is potentially a great deal that could be achieved through their closer engagement.

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Notes

  1. ‘Inherently Human: Critical Perspectives on Law, Gender, and Sexuality’: https://inherentlyhuman.wordpress.com/. Accessed 5 April 2017.

  2. You can see Jess’ original manifesto here: http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/nusdigital/document/documents/6786/8a5eb398969ac36919ba4de8fcb01291/Jessica%20Lishak%20Online%20Manifesto%20Final.pdf. Accessed 5 April 2017.

  3. Susan B Marine and Ruth Lewis’s qualitative study found that young women university students’ and graduates’ ‘feminist becoming’ was influenced significantly by university experiences. Expressly feminist staff and feminist course material were particularly influential, and for many participants in the study these were the ‘catalysts’ for an interest in feminism (Marine and Lewis 2014, 16).

  4. Also highlighted by Marine and Lewis as key factors in young women’s development of a feminist identity, alongside the role of culture, sexual identity and other aspects of the self (Marine and Lewis 2014, 18).

  5. See further, https://manchesterstudentsunion.com/wegetit and http://www.socialresponsibility.manchester.ac.uk/strategic-priorities/responsible-processes/we-get-it/. Accessed 5 April 2017.

  6. The full Taskforce report has now been published: Universities UK (2016a).

  7. The Zellick report provides guidance on how a university should respond when a student’s misconduct may also constitute a criminal offence. It recommends that no internal disciplinary action should be taken against a student accused of sexually assaulting another student, unless there is or has been a criminal justice investigation or prosecution. It was produced in 1994 by the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals of the Universities of the United Kingdom (CVCP), which would later become Universities UK. Following the Universities UK Taskforce review, the Zellick report has now been replaced by new guidance issued at the same time as the final UUK Taskforce report: see Universities UK (2016b).

  8. We’re especially interested in recent collaborations between lawyers and activists (for example, see Whitfield and Dustin 2015), but of course also important is the work of the National Union of Students (see e.g. NUS 2014). There is also plenty of evidence of feminist engagement and organising in the US context in the recent documentary ‘The Hunting Ground’.

  9. See Vanita Sundaram and Carolyn Jackson (2015): “Interviewees who dealt with issues relating to ‘laddism’ tended to be of the opinion that lad culture was an issue, it was becoming increasingly problematic and needed taking seriously, but it wasn’t a big or widespread issue. For example, in response to the question ‘do you think lad culture is evident here and if so what forms does it take and what is the scale?’, a head of student support who was responsible for disciplinary hearings replied:

    Yes, certainly evident, we’ve certainly had disciplinaries; I think people being abusive of women … male students, not people, male students being abusive of women staff here. Shouting like on a building site with students driving around here shouting at female students; two or three incidents of female students being accosted. Reporting at the Student Union that the atmosphere could be quite intimidating and harassing in there. So it’s definitely here, I wouldn’t say for a moment that it’s predominant in any way … I’ve had female students come and report unwanted attention or assaults or non-consensual, but I’ve never had the feeling this was a massive problem or there were dozens of these cases. And I also quite strongly have the feeling that it’s very much disapproved of by the vast majority of the students, male and female. So I think it certainly exists but I don’t think it predominates. (Int. 1, Inst. 1, man)

    This view was fairly common across sample institutions, although perceptions varied across types or categories of staff, as mentioned above.”

  10. http://www.staffnet.manchester.ac.uk/news/display/?id=14634. Accessed 5 April 2017.

  11. We take this terminology from Nancy Fraser’s work (see e.g. Fraser 1998).

  12. Although this is not impossible, as the University of Essex has shown recently (BBC News 2016).

  13. At the time of writing, the Teaching Excellence Framework is the subject of a NUS boycott on the basis that it will be used by the government to permit fee increases across the HEI sector: https://www.nus.org.uk/nssboycott. Accessed 5 April 2017.

  14. Universities UK (2016a). In the report published alongside the guidance for universities, there is a recommendation that Universities seek legal advice as to their legal obligations, and most analysis of such obligations is by reference to End Violence Against Women’s Spotted (Whitfield and Dustin 2015), highlighting the significance of feminists and feminist organisations to engage with law as a tool to put pressure on institutions.

  15. FOIA 2000, Sch 1, para 53; EA 2010, Sch 19, Part 1. The definition of a higher education institution is taken from the Higher and Further Education Act 1992, s91(5): (a) universities (and their colleges/halls) receiving funding from HEFCE (b) higher education corporations and (c) other ‘designated institutions’ eligible for HEFCE funding.

  16. This was in response to the recent Green Paper, ‘Fulfilling our potential’ (BIS 2015). It was noted that Freedom of Information Act requests costs providers approximately £10million per year.

  17. In September, Jess was appointed as an engagement officer at Policy@Manchester, the university’s policy outreach group: http://www.policy.manchester.ac.uk/about/. Accessed 5 April 2017.

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Correspondence to Neil Cobb.

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Cobb, N., Godden-Rasul, N. Campus Feminisms. Fem Leg Stud 25, 229–252 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10691-017-9344-1

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