Abstract
Accelerating Turing machines are Turing machines of a sort able to perform tasks that are commonly regarded as impossible for Turing machines. For example, they can determine whether or not the decimal representation of π contains n consecutive 7s, for any n; solve the Turing-machine halting problem; and decide the predicate calculus. Are accelerating Turing machines, then, logically impossible devices? I argue that they are not. There are implications concerning the nature of effective procedures and the theoretical limits of computability. Contrary to a recent paper by Bringsjord, Bello and Ferrucci, however, the concept of an accelerating Turing machine cannot be used to shove up Searle's Chinese room argument.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ambrose, A. (1935), 'Finitism in Mathematics (I and II)', Mind 35, pp. 186–203, pp. 317–340.
Benacerraf, P. (1962), 'Tasks, Super-Tasks, and the Modern Eleatics', Journal of Philosophy 59, pp. 765–784.
Black, M. (1951), 'Achilles and the Tortoise', Analysis 11, pp. 91–101.
Blake, R.M. (1926), 'The Paradox of Temporal Process', Journal of Philosophy 23, pp. 645–654.
Boolos, G.S., Jeffrey, R.C. (1980), Computability and Logic, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bringsjord, S., Bello, P. and Ferrucci, D. (2001), 'Creativity, the Turing Test, and the (Better) Lovelace Test', Minds and Machines 11, pp. 3–27.
Chihara, C.S. (1965), 'On the Possibility of Completing an Infinite Process', Philosophical Review 74, pp. 74–87.
Church, A. (1936), 'A Note on the Entscheidungsproblem', Journal of Symbolic Logic 1, pp. 40–41.
Cleland, C.E. (1993), 'Is the Church–Turing Thesis True?', Minds and Machines 3, pp. 283–312.
Cleland, C.E. (1995), 'Effective Procedures and Computable Functions', Minds and Machines 5, pp. 9–23.
Copeland, B.J. (1997), 'The Broad Conception of Computation', American Behavioral Scientist 40, pp. 690–716.
Copeland, B.J. (1998a), Turing's O-machines, Penrose, Searle, and the Brain', Analysis 58, pp. 128–138.
Copeland, B.J. (1998b), 'Even Turing Machines Can Compute Uncomputable Functions', in C. Calude, J. Casti, and M. Dinneen, eds., Unconventional Models of Computation, London: Springer-Verlag, pp. 150–164.
Copeland, B.J. (1998c), 'Super Turing-Machines', Complexity 4, pp. 30–32.
Copeland, BJ. (2000), 'Narrow Versus Wide Mechanism', Journal of Philosophy 96, pp. 5–32.
Copeland, B.J. and Hamkins, J.D. (in preparation), 'Infinitely Fast Computation'.
Copeland, B.J. and Proudfoot, D. (1996), 'On Alan Turing's Anticipation of Connectionism', Synthese 108: pp. 361–377.
Copeland, B.J. and Proudfoot, D. (1999), 'Alan Turing's Forgotten Ideas in Computer Science', Scientific American 280 (April), pp. 76–81.
Copeland, B.J. and Sylvan, R. (1999), 'Beyond the Universal Turing Machine', Australasian Journal of Philosophy 77, pp. 46–66.
Earman, J. (1986), A Primer on Determinism, Dordrecht: Reidel.
Earman, J. and Norton, J.D. (1993), 'Forever Is a Day: Supertasks in Pitowsky and Malament–Hogarth Spacetimes', Philosophy of Science 60, pp. 22–42.
Earman, J. and Norton, J.D. (1996), 'Infinite Pains: The Trouble with Supertasks', in A. Morton and S.P. Stich, eds., Benacerraf and his Critics, Oxford: Blackwell.
Geroch, R. (1977), 'Prediction in General Relativity', in J. Earman, C. Glymour and J. Stachel, eds., Foundations of Space-Time Theories, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 8, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Gold, E.M. (1965), 'Limiting Recursion', Journal of Symbolic Logic 30, pp. 28–48.
Grünbaum, A. (1968), Modern Science and Zeno's Paradoxes, London: Allen and Unwin.
Hamkins, J.D. and Lewis, A. (2000), 'Infinite Time Turing Machines', Journal of Symbolic Logic 65, pp. 567–604.
Hilbert, D. and Ackermann, W. (1928), Grundziige der Theoretischen Logik, Berlin: Springer.
Hinton, J.M and Martin, C.B. (1954), 'Achilles and the Tortoise', Analysis 14, pp. 56–68.
Hofstadter, D.R. (1980), Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Hogarth, M.L. (1992), 'Does General Relativity Allow an Observer to View an Eternity in a Finite Time?', Foundations of Physics Letters 5, pp. 173–181.
Hogarth, M.L. (1994), 'Non-Turing Computers and Non-Turing Computability', PSA 1994 1, pp. 126–138.
McCulloch, W.S., and Pitts, W. (1943), 'A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity', Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 5, pp. 115–33.
Minsky, M.L. (1967), Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall.
Post, E.L. (1936), 'Finite Combinatory Processes – Formulation 1', Journal of Symbolic Logic 1, pp. 103–105.
Putnam, H. (1965), Trial and Error Predicates and the Solution of a Problem of Mostowski', Journal of Symbolic Logic 30, pp. 49–57.
Russell, B.A.W. (1915), Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy, Chicago: Open Court.
Russell, B.A.W. (1936), The Limits of Empiricism', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 36, pp. 131–150.
Searle, J. (1980), 'Minds, Brains, and Programs', Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3, pp. 417–424, 450–456.
Searle, J. (1989), Minds, Brains and Science, London: Penguin.
Searle, J. (1990), 'Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program?' Scientific American 262(1), pp. 20–25.
Searle, J. (1992), The Rediscovery of the Mind, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Sorensen, R. (1999), 'Mirror Notation: Symbol Manipulation without Inscription Manipulation', Journal of Philosophical Logic 28, pp. 141–164.
Stewart, I. (1991), 'Deciding the Undecidable', Nature 352, pp. 664–665.
Taylor, R. (1951), 'Mr. Black on Temporal Paradoxes', Analysis 12, pp. 38–44.
Thomson, J.F. (1954), 'Tasks and Super-Tasks', Analysis 15, pp. 1–13.
Thomson, J.F. (1970), 'Comments on Professor Benacerraf's Paper', in W.C. Salmon, ed., Zeno's Paradoxes, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
Turing, A.M. (1936), 'On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem', Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Series 2, 42 (1936–37), pp. 230–265.
Turing, A.M. (1938), 'Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals'. Dissertation presented to the faculty of Princeton University in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Published in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 45 (1939), pp. 161–228.
machinery>.
handbook>.
Watling, J. (1952), 'The Sum of an Infinite Series', Analysis 13, pp. 39–46.
Weyl, H. (1927), Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft, Munich: R. Oldenbourg.
Weyl, H. (1949), Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Copeland, B.J. Accelerating Turing Machines. Minds and Machines 12, 281–300 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015607401307
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015607401307