Abstract
Solving complex socio-technical problems, this paper claims, involves diverse knowledges (cognitive diversity), competing interests (social diversity), and pragmatism. To explain this view, this paper first explores two different cases: Canadian pulp and paper mill pollution and siting nuclear reactors in seismically sensitive areas of California. Solving such socio-technically complex problems involves cognitive diversity as well as social diversity and pragmatism. Cognitive diversity requires one to not only recognize relevant knowledges but also to assess their validity. Finally, it is suggested, integrating the resultant set of diverse relevant and valid knowledges determines the parameters of the solution space for the problem.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Meehan, R. (1984) The Atom and the Fault. MIT, Cambridge, Mass., p. 71.
Jenish D. (1990) Cleaning up a Chemical Soup. Mcleans. January 29, p. 32–34.
Noble, K. (1991) B.C. Pulp chlorine free. The Globe and Mail. November 1, p. B1.
Mittelstaedt, M. (1991) Overall pulp-mill limit rejected. The Globe and Mail. November 6, p. A6.
McKenna, B. (1992) Bleeding persists for paper firms. The Globe and Mail. January 24. p. B1.
Mittelstaedt, M. and Mahood, C. (1993) Ontario toughening organochlorine rules. The Globe and Mail. February 2, p. B7.
Williamson, R. (1992) ‘Green’ pulp trial at European mill draws B.C. eyes. The Globe and Mail. January 27, p. B3.
Williamson, R. (1992) B.C. to take a second look at pulp mill standards. The Globe and Mail. October 1, p. B1.
Krosea, R. (1990). Dioxins, PCBs and the Chlorine Industry. In The Proceedings: 4 th Conference on Toxic Substances. Beauregard, Montreal: 70–77.
Muldoon, P. & Valiante, M. (1989) Zero Discharge. Canadian Environmental Law Association, Toronto.
Gorrie, P. (1991) Ottawa ebbs on pulp mill effluents. Toronto Star. November 9, p. D6.
Mausberg, B. (1991) A Brief on the Pulp Industry: Chemical Warfare in Ontario. Pollution Probe, Toronto.
Minor, G., Bradley, W. P. & Neuber, F. (1990) Profiting from Pollution Prevention. Second edition. Pollution Probe, Toronto.
McKenna, B. (1992) Pulp firms fear chlorine ban spread. The Globe and Mail. January 29, p. B1.
In Hallechuk, R. (1991) Paper firms to step up fight to check toxins. The Sudbury Star, October 2, p. 2; my italics.
Eddy Group. (1996) A Question of Balance: 3d Status Report on Sustainable Development. E. B. Eddy, Espanola, Ontario.
Domtar Inc. (2000) Domtar cited as sustainability leader as it is once again included in the Dow Jones Group Index. Domtar News On-Line. www.domtar.com.
Hull, B. (1992) Effluents from Pulp Mills Using Chlorine. Conference Board of Canada. Ottawa. Report number 91–92.
Williamson, R. (1992) Pulp cleanup may be waste of money. The Globe and Mail. December 23, pp. A1, A5.
Forrest, R. (1992) Zero Effluent. Pulp and Paper Journal. January: 68–69.
Gorrie, P. (1992) Repap announces paper ‘revolution.’ Toronto Star. September 24, p. C4.
Strauss, S. (1993) Why the effect of pulp mills is complex. The Globe and Mail. February 2, p. A15.
Carey, J. H., Hodgson P. V., Munkittrick, K. R. & Servos, M. R. (1993) Recent Canadian Studies of the Physiological effects of Pulp Mill Effluent on Fish. National Water Research Institute and Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa.
Lundgreen, P. (1997) Handling Risk. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 16: 16–22.
Hummels, H. (1995) Ethical challenges in a Technical Environment: the Perspective of Engineers Versus Managers. Science And Engineering Ethics. 5: 55–72.
Haliburton, R. and V. Kazakidis. (1998) The Mining engineer, moral luck, and professional accountability. Science And Engineering Ethics. 4: 437–456.
Martin, M. and Schinzinger, R. (1989) Ethics In Engineering. Second Edition. McGraw Hill, New York, pp. 67f.
Mitcham, C. (1997) Justifying Public participation in technical decision making. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 16: 40–47.
Woodhouse, E. J. & Nieusma, D. (1997) When Expert Advice Works and when it does not. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 16: 23–29.
di Norcia, V. (1998) Hard Like Water: Ethics in Business. Oxford University Press, Toronto, pp. 33f, and 51f.
Sitkin, S. B. and Bies, R. (1994) The Legalistic Organization. Sage, Newbury.
Whitbeck, C. (1992) The Trouble with Dilemmas: Rethinking Applied Ethics. Business and Professional Ethics. 1:1 & 2: 119–142.
Innis, H. A. (1964) The Bias of Communications. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
Balabanian, N. (2000) Controlling Technology: Should We Rely on the Marketplace? IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 19: 23–30.
Derber, C., Schwartz, W. A. & Magrass, Y. (1990) Power in the Highest Degree. Professionals and the Rise of a New Mandarin Order. Oxford University Press, New York.
Leyton, E. (1986) The Revolt of the Engineers. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
Morison, C. and P. Hughes. (1988) Professional Engineering Practice: Ethical Aspects. Second edition. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Toronto.
Ellul, Jacques. (1964) The Technological Society. Random House, New York, pp. 21f, 79.
Gunn, J., editor. (1995) Restoration and Recovery of an Industrial Region. Progress in Restoring the Smelter-Damaged Landscape near Sudbury, Ontario. Springer-Verlag, New York, Section D.
Rifkin, W. D. & Martin, B. (1997) Negotiating expert status. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 16: 30–39.
Huber, P. (1991) Galileo’s Revenge-Junk Science in the Courtroom. Basic Books, New York.
March, J & Olsen, J. (1982) Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Section 2.1.
McDonald, D. (1991) The Politics of Pollution. McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, pp. 176f.
Oziewicz, S. & Cheney, P. (2000) This could have been prevented. The Globe and Mail. May 26, pp. A1, A20.
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Chapter I, Section 3.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The author is a Professor of Philosophy at The University of Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
di Norcia, V. Diverse knowledges and competing interests: An essay on socio-technical problem-solving. SCI ENG ETHICS 8, 83–98 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-002-0034-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-002-0034-1