Skip to main content
Log in

Diverse knowledges and competing interests: An essay on socio-technical problem-solving

  • Published:
Science and Engineering Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Solving complex socio-technical problems, this paper claims, involves diverse knowledges (cognitive diversity), competing interests (social diversity), and pragmatism. To explain this view, this paper first explores two different cases: Canadian pulp and paper mill pollution and siting nuclear reactors in seismically sensitive areas of California. Solving such socio-technically complex problems involves cognitive diversity as well as social diversity and pragmatism. Cognitive diversity requires one to not only recognize relevant knowledges but also to assess their validity. Finally, it is suggested, integrating the resultant set of diverse relevant and valid knowledges determines the parameters of the solution space for the problem.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Meehan, R. (1984) The Atom and the Fault. MIT, Cambridge, Mass., p. 71.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jenish D. (1990) Cleaning up a Chemical Soup. Mcleans. January 29, p. 32–34.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Noble, K. (1991) B.C. Pulp chlorine free. The Globe and Mail. November 1, p. B1.

  4. Mittelstaedt, M. (1991) Overall pulp-mill limit rejected. The Globe and Mail. November 6, p. A6.

  5. McKenna, B. (1992) Bleeding persists for paper firms. The Globe and Mail. January 24. p. B1.

  6. Mittelstaedt, M. and Mahood, C. (1993) Ontario toughening organochlorine rules. The Globe and Mail. February 2, p. B7.

  7. Williamson, R. (1992) ‘Green’ pulp trial at European mill draws B.C. eyes. The Globe and Mail. January 27, p. B3.

  8. Williamson, R. (1992) B.C. to take a second look at pulp mill standards. The Globe and Mail. October 1, p. B1.

  9. Krosea, R. (1990). Dioxins, PCBs and the Chlorine Industry. In The Proceedings: 4 th Conference on Toxic Substances. Beauregard, Montreal: 70–77.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Muldoon, P. & Valiante, M. (1989) Zero Discharge. Canadian Environmental Law Association, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gorrie, P. (1991) Ottawa ebbs on pulp mill effluents. Toronto Star. November 9, p. D6.

  12. Mausberg, B. (1991) A Brief on the Pulp Industry: Chemical Warfare in Ontario. Pollution Probe, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Minor, G., Bradley, W. P. & Neuber, F. (1990) Profiting from Pollution Prevention. Second edition. Pollution Probe, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  14. McKenna, B. (1992) Pulp firms fear chlorine ban spread. The Globe and Mail. January 29, p. B1.

    Google Scholar 

  15. In Hallechuk, R. (1991) Paper firms to step up fight to check toxins. The Sudbury Star, October 2, p. 2; my italics.

  16. Eddy Group. (1996) A Question of Balance: 3d Status Report on Sustainable Development. E. B. Eddy, Espanola, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Domtar Inc. (2000) Domtar cited as sustainability leader as it is once again included in the Dow Jones Group Index. Domtar News On-Line. www.domtar.com.

  18. Hull, B. (1992) Effluents from Pulp Mills Using Chlorine. Conference Board of Canada. Ottawa. Report number 91–92.

  19. Williamson, R. (1992) Pulp cleanup may be waste of money. The Globe and Mail. December 23, pp. A1, A5.

  20. Forrest, R. (1992) Zero Effluent. Pulp and Paper Journal. January: 68–69.

  21. Gorrie, P. (1992) Repap announces paper ‘revolution.’ Toronto Star. September 24, p. C4.

  22. Strauss, S. (1993) Why the effect of pulp mills is complex. The Globe and Mail. February 2, p. A15.

  23. Carey, J. H., Hodgson P. V., Munkittrick, K. R. & Servos, M. R. (1993) Recent Canadian Studies of the Physiological effects of Pulp Mill Effluent on Fish. National Water Research Institute and Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lundgreen, P. (1997) Handling Risk. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 16: 16–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hummels, H. (1995) Ethical challenges in a Technical Environment: the Perspective of Engineers Versus Managers. Science And Engineering Ethics. 5: 55–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Haliburton, R. and V. Kazakidis. (1998) The Mining engineer, moral luck, and professional accountability. Science And Engineering Ethics. 4: 437–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Martin, M. and Schinzinger, R. (1989) Ethics In Engineering. Second Edition. McGraw Hill, New York, pp. 67f.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mitcham, C. (1997) Justifying Public participation in technical decision making. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 16: 40–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Woodhouse, E. J. & Nieusma, D. (1997) When Expert Advice Works and when it does not. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 16: 23–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. di Norcia, V. (1998) Hard Like Water: Ethics in Business. Oxford University Press, Toronto, pp. 33f, and 51f.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sitkin, S. B. and Bies, R. (1994) The Legalistic Organization. Sage, Newbury.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Whitbeck, C. (1992) The Trouble with Dilemmas: Rethinking Applied Ethics. Business and Professional Ethics. 1:1 & 2: 119–142.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Innis, H. A. (1964) The Bias of Communications. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Balabanian, N. (2000) Controlling Technology: Should We Rely on the Marketplace? IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 19: 23–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Derber, C., Schwartz, W. A. & Magrass, Y. (1990) Power in the Highest Degree. Professionals and the Rise of a New Mandarin Order. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Leyton, E. (1986) The Revolt of the Engineers. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Morison, C. and P. Hughes. (1988) Professional Engineering Practice: Ethical Aspects. Second edition. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ellul, Jacques. (1964) The Technological Society. Random House, New York, pp. 21f, 79.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Gunn, J., editor. (1995) Restoration and Recovery of an Industrial Region. Progress in Restoring the Smelter-Damaged Landscape near Sudbury, Ontario. Springer-Verlag, New York, Section D.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rifkin, W. D. & Martin, B. (1997) Negotiating expert status. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 16: 30–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Huber, P. (1991) Galileo’s Revenge-Junk Science in the Courtroom. Basic Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  42. March, J & Olsen, J. (1982) Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Section 2.1.

    Google Scholar 

  43. McDonald, D. (1991) The Politics of Pollution. McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, pp. 176f.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Oziewicz, S. & Cheney, P. (2000) This could have been prevented. The Globe and Mail. May 26, pp. A1, A20.

  45. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Chapter I, Section 3.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vincent di Norcia.

Additional information

The author is a Professor of Philosophy at The University of Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

di Norcia, V. Diverse knowledges and competing interests: An essay on socio-technical problem-solving. SCI ENG ETHICS 8, 83–98 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-002-0034-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-002-0034-1

Keywords

Navigation