Abstract
This study intends to show that the usually given meaning of the teleological dualism τὸ οὗ/τὸ ᾧ of Aristotle’s De anima, understood as “an aim or goal” and “the beneficiary”, does not come from Aristotle, but from a controversial interpretation of the ancient commentators. It originates on the attempt of certain Peripatetics to appropriate the Stoic distinction between “happiness” and “the happy subject” designated as the σκοπός and the τέλος of moral action. After this historical accuracy, we will propose a different reading of the Aristotelian distinction according to the context of De anima as designating the tendency in the individual towards its preservation and use.
Références
Sources
Bodéüs, R. 1993. Aristote. De l’âme. Traduction et notes. Paris: Flammarion.Search in Google Scholar
Bouyges, M. 1948. Averroès. Tafsir Ma ba’d at-tabi’at. Troisième et dernier volume, Livres Ya’ et Lam. Beyrouth: Dar el-Machreq.Search in Google Scholar
Bruns, I. 1887. Alexander Aphrodisiensis. De anima cum Mantissa. CAG, Supplementum Aristotelicum, t. II, 1. Berlin: G. Reimer.Search in Google Scholar
Camelot, P. T., and C. Mondésert. 1954. Clément d’Alexandrie. Les Stromates. Stromate II. Introd. et notes de P. T. Camelot, texte grec et traduction de C. Mondésert. Paris: Éditions du Cerf.Search in Google Scholar
Diels, H. 1882. Simplicii in Aristotelis Physicorum libros quattuor priores commentaria. CAG, t. IX. Berlin: G. Reimer.Search in Google Scholar
Dufour, R. 2013. Alexandre d’Aphrodise. De l’âme II, Mantissa. Trad. et annotations. Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval.Search in Google Scholar
Gauthier, R.-A. 1984. Sancti Thomae de Aquino opera omnia. Sentencia libri De anima, t. 45, 1, cura et studio Fratrum praedicatorum. Rome & Paris: Commissio Leonina & J. Vrin.Search in Google Scholar
Hamlyn, D. W. 1968. Aristotle. De anima: Books II and III (with Certain Passages from Book I). Translated with Introduction and Notes. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Search in Google Scholar
Hayduck, M. 1897. Ioannis Philoponi in Aristotelis de anima libros commentaria. CAG, t. XV. Berlin: G. Reimer.Search in Google Scholar
Hicks, R. D. 1907. Aristotle. De anima. Translation, Introduction and Notes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Jannone, A., and E. Barbotin. 1966. Aristote. De l’âme. Texte établi par A. Jannone, trad. et notes de E. Barbotin. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.Search in Google Scholar
Louis, P. 1990. Aristote. Les Parties des Animaux. Texte établi et traduit. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.Search in Google Scholar
Peck, A. L. 1942. Aristotle. Generation of Animals. With an English Translation. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Pellegrin, P. 2011. Aristote. Les Parties des Animaux. Traduction et présentation. Paris: Flammarion.Search in Google Scholar
Pellegrin, P. 2014. Aristote. Œuvres Complètes. Sous la direction de P. Pellegrin. Paris: Flammarion.Search in Google Scholar
Rodier, G. 1900. Aristote. Traité de l’âme, 2 Vols. Trad. et annoté. Paris: Leroux.Search in Google Scholar
Schenkl, H. 1900. Themistii in Aristotelis physica paraphrasis. CAG, t. V, 2. Berlin: G. Reimer.Search in Google Scholar
Sharples, R. W. 2004. Alexander of Aphrodisias. Supplement to On the Soul (Mantissa). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Sharples, R. W. 2008. Alexander Aphrodisiensis. De anima libri mantissa. A New Edition of the Greek Text with Introduction and Commentary. Berlin: W. De Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Trendelenburg, F. A. 1833. Aristotelis de Anima libri tres. Ad interpretum graecorum auctoritatem et codicum fidem recognovit, commentariis illustravit. Ienae: sumtibus Walzii [réédité en 1877 par C. Belger avec des modifications].Search in Google Scholar
Tricot, J. 1932. Aristote. De l’âme. Traduction et notes. Paris: J. Vrin.Search in Google Scholar
Wachsmuth, C. 1884. Ioannis Stobaei Anthologii Libri duo priores, Vol. II. Berlin: Weidmann.Search in Google Scholar
Études
Alpers-Göltz, R. 1976. Der Begriff Σκοπός in der Stoa und seine Vorgeschichte. Hildesheim & New York: Olms.Search in Google Scholar
Bernays, J. 1863. Die Dialoge des Aristoteles in ihrem Verhältnisse zu seinen übrigen Werken. Berlin: W. Hertz.Search in Google Scholar
Bolton, R. 2015. “The Origins of Aristotle’s Natural Teleology in Physics II.” In Aristotle’s Physics. A Critical Guide, edited by M. Leunissen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Brittain, C. 2017. “Peripatetic Appropriations of Oikeiōsis: Alexander, Mantissa Chapter 17.” In From Stoicism to Platonism: The Development of Philosophy, 100 BCE–100 CE, edited by T. Engberg-Pedersen, 322–47. New York: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Dos Santos, N. G. 2018. “Aristote et le dualisme de la fin dans Physique II.” Journal of Ancient Philosophy 12 (1): 234–47. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-9471.v12i1p234-247.Search in Google Scholar
Falcon, A. 2012. Aristotelianism in the First Century BCE. Xenarchus of Seleucia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Gaiser, K. 1969. “Das zweifache Telos bei Aristoteles.” In Naturphilosophie bei Aristoteles und Theophras. 4th Symposium Aristotelicum, edited by I. Düring, 97–113. Heidelberg: L. Stiehm.Search in Google Scholar
Gelber, J. 2018. “Two Ways of Being for an End.” Phronesis 63 (1): 64–86. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685284-12341342.Search in Google Scholar
Gotthelf, A. 2012. Teleology, First Principles, and Scientific Method in Aristotle’s Biology. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Gourinat, J.-B. 2011. “Aëtius et Arius Didyme sources de Stobée.” In Deciding Cultures: Stobaeus’ Collection of Excerpts of Ancient Greek Authors, edited by G. Reydams-Schils, 143–201. Turnhout: Brepols.Search in Google Scholar
Hahm, D. E. 1990. “The Ethical Doxography of Arius Didymus.” In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, edited by W. Haase and H. Temporini, II 36, 4. Berlin: De Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Hahm, D. E. 2017. “The Quest for an Author.” In Arius Didymus on Peripatetic Ethics, Household Management and Politics, edited by W. W. Fortenbaugh, 69–74. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.Search in Google Scholar
Inwood, B. 1986. “Goal and Target in Stoicism.” Journal of Philosophy 83: 547–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2026429.Search in Google Scholar
Inwood, B. 2014. Ethics after Aristotle. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Irwin, T. 1980. “Stoic and Aristotelian Conceptions of Happiness.” In The Norms of Nature. Studies in Hellenistic Ethics, edited by M. Schofield and G. Striker, 205–44. Cambridge & London & New York: Cambridge University Press & Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.Search in Google Scholar
Johansen, T. K. 2015. “Two Kinds of Telos in Aristotle: The View from the De Anima.” In Theory and Practice in Aristotle’s Natural Science, edited by D. Ebrey, 119–36. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Johnson, M. R. 2005. Aristotle on Teleology. New York: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Kullmann, W. 1985. “Different Concepts of the Final Cause in Aristotle.” In Aristotle on Nature and Living Things, edited by A. Gotthelf, 169–75. Pittsburgh & Bristol: Mathesis & Bristol Classical Press.Search in Google Scholar
Lefebvre, D. 2020. “Les fragments éthiques de Boéthos de Sidon.” In Boéthos de Sidon, exégète d’Aristote et philosophe, edited by R. Chiaradonna and M. Rashed, 403–82. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Lennox, J. G. 1985. “Plato’s Unnatural Teleology.” In Platonic Investigations, edited by D. J. O’Meara, 195–218. Washington: The Catholic University Press [reprinted in Lennox, J. G. 2001. Aristotle’s Philosophy of Biology: Studies in the Origins of Life Science, 280–302. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press].Search in Google Scholar
Lennox, J. G. 2009. “Bios, Praxis and the Unity of Life in Aristotle’s Biology.” In Was ist ‘Leben’? Aristoteles’ Anschauungen zur Entstehungsweise und Funktion von Leben, edited by S. Föllinger, 239–59. Stuttgart: F. Steiner.Search in Google Scholar
Lerner, M.-P. 1969. Recherches sur la notion de finalité chez Aristote. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Search in Google Scholar
Lernould, A. 2019. Simplicius. Commentaire sur la Physique d’Aristote. Livre II, ch.1–3. Villeneuve d’Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion.Search in Google Scholar
Moraux, P. 1973. Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Vol. I: Die Renaissance des Aristotelismus im 1. Jh. v. Chr. Berlin & New York: W. de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar
Morel, P. M. 2016. “‘La nature ne fait rien en vain’: Sur la causalité finale dans la Locomotion des animaux d’Aristote.” Philosophie antique – Problèmes, renaissances, usages 16: 9–30. https://doi.org/10.4000/philosant.577.Search in Google Scholar
Rosen, J. 2014. “Essence and End.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 46: 73–107.Search in Google Scholar
Sharples, R. W. 2010. Peripatetic Philosophy 200 BC to AD 200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Tsouni, G. 2018. “Didymus’ Epitome of Peripatetic Ethics, Household Management, and Politics. An Edition with Translation.” In Arius Didymus on Peripatetic Ethics, Household Management and Politics: Text, Translation and Discussion, edited by W. W. Fortenbaugh, 1–67. New York: Rutgers University Studies.Search in Google Scholar
Untersteiner, M. 1963. Aristotele. Della filosofia. Introduzione, testo, traduzione e commento esegetico. Roma: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.Search in Google Scholar
Viano, C. 2005. “L’Epitomê de l’éthique stoïcienne d’Arius Didyme (Stobée, Eclog. 2. 7, 57,13–116, 18).” In Les Stoïciens, edited by G. Romeyer Dherbey and J.-B. Gourinat, 335–55. Paris: Vrin.Search in Google Scholar
CONVIVIUM, association loi de 1901 for this journal.
