Abstract
Although agriculture in Australia is very productive, the current food supply systems in Australia fail to deliver healthy diets to all Australians and fail to protect the natural resources on which they depend. The operation of the food systems creates ‘collateral damage’ to the natural environment including biodiversity loss. In coming decades, Australia’s food supply systems will be increasingly challenged by resource price inflation and climate change. Australia exports more than half of its current agricultural production. Government and business are aiming to substantially increase production to bolster exports. This will increase pressure on agricultural resources and exacerbate ‘collateral’ damage to the environment. The Australian public have a deep and ongoing interest in a very wide range of issues associated with the food systems including the environment, health and sustainability. Food is something we require in order to live and a good diet is something we have to have to be healthy. For health over a life-time we need food security. However, we also require a range of other material goods and social arrangements in order to develop and flourish as human beings. And we need these other things to be secure over a life-time. Food is therefore one security among a range of other securities we need in order to flourish. The paper outlines a number of approaches, as examples, that help to identify what these other goods and arrangements might be. The approaches mentioned in this paper include human rights, national securities, human needs, authentic happiness, capabilities, sustainability and environmental ethics. The different approaches provide a way of evaluating the current situation and indicating a direction for change within the food systems that will address the problems. However, changing large systems such as those involved in food supply is difficult because inertias and vested interests make the current food supply systems resilient to change. The paper suggests that one of the first and ongoing tasks is to develop an understanding of the situation from a comprehensive social–ecological systems perspective. The paper also suggests that a practical leverage point for system change is restructuring the flow of information on the health, natural resources and biodiversity loss issues related to the food supply systems.
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Notes
See report on Senator Bob Carr (Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs) on providing food security, Senator Carr explained “that Australia can either export food to the Gulf countries or they can buy land in Australia and have the food cultivated for them”. Retrieved August 26, 2013 from: http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2264715&language=en.
From the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
For an outline of social security see: http://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/information/centrelink-website.
For an outline of Medicare services see: http://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/subjects/medicare-services.
For an outline of Commonwealth conservation arrangements on private land see: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/conservation/index.html#private.
The Salvation Army provide a wide range of services to the disadvantaged http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/.
Food Bank Australia the largest food relief organisation in Australia http://www.foodbank.org.au/.
Conservation Volunteers organise people to help with environmental and wildlife conservation projects http://www.conservationvolunteers.com.au/.
Through for example, corporate social responsibility see: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/corporate-social-responsibility for a list of facts sheets.
Reaganomics refers to the application of supply side economic and the trickledown theory of improving economic growth by reducing high earner and corporate taxes, reducing social spending, increasing military spending and de-regulating markets.
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I would like to thank Professor John Martin for encouraging my interest in food security, Jane Fisher for her comments on the draft and the anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions.
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Farmar-Bowers, Q. Food Security: One of a Number of ‘Securities’ We Need for a Full Life: An Australian Perspective. J Agric Environ Ethics 27, 811–829 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-014-9491-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-014-9491-1