Skip to main content
Log in

Necessity and the Ontological Argument

  • Published:
Erkenntnis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Barth, E.M., ‘Philosophy of Religion and the Reality of Models for Modalities’,Erkenntnis 9 (1975), pp. 393–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnap, Rudolf,Meaning and Necessity, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, (1947, 1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Church, Alonzo,Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, Donald and Gilbert Harman (eds.),The Logic of Grammar, Dickenson Publishing Co., Encino, California, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Descartes, René,Meditations on First Philosophy inDescartes Selections, R.M. Eaton (ed.), Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donnellan, Keith, ‘Reference and Definite Descriptions’ (1966) in Schwartz (1977).

  • Frege, Gottlob,The Foundations of Arithmetic, translated by J.L. Austin, Harper's, New York, 1950 (original 1884).

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, Joel I., ‘Was Spinoza Fooled by the Ontological Argument?’, to appear inPhilosophia, 1980.

  • Friedman, Joel I., ‘The Mystic's Ontological Argument’,American Philosophical Quarterly,16 (1979), pp. 73–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, Joel I., ‘Carnapian Analyticity and Kripkean Necessity’, to appear.

  • Friedman, Joel I., ‘Bare Kripkean Necessity’ (1980), to appear.

  • Hartshorne, Charles,The Logic of Perfection, Open Court, LaSalle, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbeling, H.G., ‘The Meaningfulness of Metaphysics within Certain Systems’,Erkenntnis 9 (1975), pp. 401–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbeling, H.G.,Language, Logic, and Criterion: A Defense of non-Positivistic Logical Empiricism, Born N.V. Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes G.E. and M.J. Cresswell,An Introduction to Modal Logic, Methuen and Co., London, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarrett, Charles, ‘Spinoza's Ontological Argument’,Canad. Journ. of Philosophy,6 (1976), pp. 685–692.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kripke, Saul A., ‘A Completeness Theorem in Modal Logic’,JSL,24 (1959), pp. 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kripke, Saul A., ‘Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic’ (1963), in Linsky (1971), pp. 63–72.

  • Kripke, Saul A., ‘Naming and Necessity’ (1970 lectures), in Davidson and Harman (1972), pp. 253–355.

  • Kripke, Saul A., ‘Identity and Necessity’ (1971), in Schwartz (1977), pp. 66–101.

  • Leibniz, Gottfried W.,New Essays Concerning Human Understanding, translated by A.G. Langley, Open Court, Chicago 1916.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Clarence I.,A Survey of Symbolic Logic, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linsky, Leonard (ed.),Reference and Modality, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm, Norman, ‘Anselm's Ontological Arguments’ (1960), in Plantinga (1965), pp. 136–159.

  • Matson, Wallace, ‘Steps Toward Spinozism’, delivered before the UC, Davis Tercentenary Spinoza Symposium, March 1977.

  • Plantinga, Alvin, (ed.),The Ontological Argument, Doubleday-Anchor, Garden City, N.Y., 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantinga, Alvin,The Nature of Necessity, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plantinga, Alvin, ‘De Dicto et De Re’ (1969), inNecessary Truth, R.C. Sleigh Jr. (ed.), Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1972, pp. 152–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, Betrand, ‘On Denoting’,Mind 14 (1905).

  • Russell, Bertrand, ‘Mathematical Logic as Based on the Theory of Types’ (1908), inLogic and Knowledge, R.C. Marsh (ed.), George Allen and Unwin, London, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, Stephen P. (ed.),Naming, Necessity, and Natural Kinds, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.V. and Marjorie Grene,From Descartes to Locke, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spinoza, Benedict,Ethics, J. Gutmann (ed.), Hafner Publishing Co., New York, 1949. (Also see Everyman's Library edition, with an introduction by G. Santayana, 1910).

    Google Scholar 

  • Spinoza, Benedict,Opera Posthuma, C. Gebhardt (ed.), Carl Winter, Heidelberg, 1925.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Anselm,Proslogion, reprinted in part in Plantinga (1965).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Friedman, J.I. Necessity and the Ontological Argument. Erkenntnis 15, 301–331 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02070841

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02070841

Keywords

Navigation