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The Evaluative Integration of Local Character Traits

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Notes

  1. See John Doris, Lack of Character (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

  2. See Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority (London: Tavistock, 1974); see also John Darley and Daniel Batson, “‘From Jerusalem to Jericho’: A Study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behaviour,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology vol. 27, 1973; Hugh Hartshorne and Mark May, Studies in the Nature of Character: Studies in Deceit, vol. 1 (New York: Macmillan, 1928); Alicia Isen and Paula Levin, “Effect of Feeling Good on Helping: Cookies and Kindness,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology vol. 21, 1972; and Theodore Newcomb, The Consistency of Certain Extrovert-Introvert Behaviour Patterns in 51 Problem Boys (New York: Columbia University, Teachers College, Bureau of Publications, 1929).

  3. See Jonathan Webber, “Virtue, Character and Situation,” Journal of Moral Philosophy, vol. 3, 2006; see also Jonathan Webber, “Character, Consistency and Classification,” Mind vol. 115, 2006; Rachana Kamtekar, “Situationism and Virtue Ethics on the Content of Our Character,” Ethics vol. 114, 2004; Julia Annas, “Virtue Ethics and Social Psychology,” A Priori vol. 2, 2003; Christian Miller, “Social Psychology and Virtue Ethics,” The Journal of Ethics vol. 7, 2003; and Gopal Sreenivasan, “Errors about Errors: Virtue Theory and Trait Attribution,” Mind vol. 111, 2002.

  4. See Maria Merritt, “Virtue Ethics and Situationist Personality Psychology,” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice vol. 3, 2000; see also Neera Badhwar, “The Milgram Experiments, Learned Helplessness, and Character Traits,” The Journal of Ethics vol. 13, 2009.

  5. See Miller, op. cit., pp. 383–384; see also Peter Goldie, On Personality (London: Routledge, 2004), p. 70; Kamtekar, op. cit., p. 469; and Robert Adams, A Theory of Virtue: Excellence in Being for the Good (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 125–127.

  6. See Adams, op. cit., pp. 127–130.

  7. See Doris, op. cit., p. 25.

  8. See ibid. p. 64.

  9. See ibid. p. 59.

  10. Ibid. p. 66.

  11. See ibid. p. 115.

  12. Ibid. p. 147.

  13. Ibid. p. 59.

  14. Thomas Keneally, Searching for Schindler (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2009), pp. 32–33.

  15. Thomas Keneally, Schindler’s Ark (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1982), p. 57.

  16. Doris, op. cit., p. 115.

  17. Ibid. p. 116.

  18. Ibid.

  19. Ibid. p. 117.

  20. Ibid.

  21. See W.D. Ross, Foundations of Ethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939), pp. 291–292.

  22. See Thomas Hurka, Virtue, Vice, and Value (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).

  23. See Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (London: Fontana, 1985), pp. 16–17 & 128.

  24. See Rosalind Hursthouse, On Virtue Ethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).

  25. Elizabeth Anscombe, “Modern Moral Philosophy,” Philosophy vol. 33, 1958, pp. 8–9.

  26. Doris, op. cit., pp. 62 & 115.

  27. See Badhwar, op. cit.

  28. Milgram, op. cit., pp. 30–31.

  29. See Kristján Kristjánsson, “Situationism and the Concept of a Situation,” European Journal of Philosophy, forthcoming.

  30. See Christian Miller, “Empathy, Social Psychology, and Global Helping Traits,” Philosophical Studies vol. 142, 2009.

  31. See Webber, “Virtue, Character and Situation,” Journal of Moral Philosophy, and “Character, Consistency and Classification”; see also Kamtekar, op. cit., 2004; Annas, op. cit., 2003; and Miller, op. cit., 2003.

  32. See Goldie, op. cit., p. 70; Nancy Snow, Virtue As Social Intelligence: An Empirically Grounded Theory (New York: Routledge, 2010), pp. 33–34; and Adams, op. cit., pp. 181–182.

  33. See John Doris, “Skepticism About Persons,”, Philosophical Issues vol. 19, 2009; see also Maria Merritt, John Doris, and Gilbert Harman, “Character,” in J.M. Doris, ed., The Moral Psychology Handbook, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).

  34. Jonathan Webber, “Character, Global and Local,” Utilitas vol. 19, 2007, p. 433.

  35. Ibid. p. 433.

  36. See Daniel Russell, Practical Intelligence and the Virtues, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 286 & 321–322.

  37. Doris, Lack of Character, p. 115.

  38. See Kristjánsson, op. cit.

  39. See ibid. p.10.

  40. See Russell, op. cit., p. 317.

  41. See ibid, pp. 321–322.

  42. Ibid, p. 321.

  43. I would like to thank Simon Kirchin for extensive discussion of several ideas and David Corfield, Thomas Hurka, Peter Goldie, and Murray Smith for comments on earlier drafts. I would also like to thank Thomas Magnell, the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Value Inquiry, for his comments and help in revision.

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Grover, L. The Evaluative Integration of Local Character Traits. J Value Inquiry 46, 25–37 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-012-9316-2

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