Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Philosophy of science (Wissenschaftstheorie) in Finland

  • Berichte
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

A survey of recent work in the philosophy of science in Finland, with a bibliography. The main sources of influence emphasized are Eino Kaila (1890–1958) and G. H. von Wright (b. 1916). The main topics covered are: induction and probability; information and explanation; the acceptance and application of theories; the role of auxiliary (theoretical) terms; measurement; general methodology of social and behavioral sciences; finalistic explanation; methodology of sociology and history.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  1. Eino Kaila, „Der Satz vom Ausgleich des Zufalls und das Kausalprinzip“,Annales Universitatis Fennicae Aboensis, Ser. B, vol. 2, no. 2 (1925).

  2. Eino Kaila, „Die Prinzipien der Wahrscheinlichkeitslogik“,Annales Universitatis Fennicae Aboensis, Ser. B, vol. 4, no. 1 (1926).

  3. Eino Kaila, „Beiträge zu einer synthetischen Philosophie“,Annales Universitatis Fennicae Aboensis, Ser. B, vol. 4, no. 3 (1928).

  4. Eino Kaila, „Der logistische Neupositivismus“,Annales Universitatis Fennicae Aboensis, Ser. B, vol. 13 (1930).

  5. Eino Kaila, „Über das System der Wirklichkeitsbegriffe. Erster Beitrag zum logischen Empirismus“.Acta Philosophica Fennica 2 (1936).

  6. Eino Kaila, „Über den physikalischen Realitätsbegriff. Zweiter Beitrag zum logischen Empirismus.Acta Philosophica Fennica 4 (1941).

  7. G. H. von Wright, „The Logical Problem of Induction“,Acta Philosophica Fennica 3 (1941), second, revised edition, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  8. C. D. Broad, “Hr. von Wright on the Logic of Induction I–III”,Mind 53 (1944), pp. 1–24, 97–119, 193–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. G. H. von Wright,Treatise on Induction and Probability, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. H. von Wright, “Broad on Induction and Probability”, in P. A. Schilpp (ed.),The Philosophy of C. D. Broad, The Library of Living Philosophers, Tudor, New York, 1959, pp. 313–352.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rudolf Carnap,Logical Foundations of Probability, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1950, second ed. 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rudolf Carnap,A Continuum of Inductive Methods, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  13. P. A. Schilpp (ed.),The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap, The Library of Living Philosophers, Open Court, La Salle, Illinois, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gustav Elfving, “Om beslut under ovisshet“ (On decision under uncertainty),Arkhimedes 14 (1963), no. 2.

  15. Leo Törnqvist and Leif Nordberg,Päätäntätieteen keskeisiä ongelmia (Central problems of the science of decision-making), WSOY, Porvoo, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  16. G. H. von Wright, “On the Epistemology of Subjective Probability”, in E. Nagel, P. Suppes and A. Tarski (eds.),Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Proceedings of the 1960 International Congress, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1962, pp. 330–339.

    Google Scholar 

  17. G. H. von Wright, “The Paradoxes of Confirmation”,Theoria 31 (1965), pp. 255–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. G. H. von Wright, “The Paradoxes of Confirmation”, in Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes (eds.),Aspects of Inductive Logic, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1966, pp. 208–218.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Jaakko Hintikka, “Towards a Theory of Inductive Generalization”, in Y. Bar-Hillel (ed.),Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Proceedings of the 1964 International Congress, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1965, pp. 274–288.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jaakko Hintikka, “On a Combined System of Inductive Logic”,Acta Philosophica Fennica 18 (1965), pp. 21–30.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Jaakko Hintikka, “A Two-dimensional Continuum of Inductive Methods”, Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes (eds.),Aspects of Inductive Logic, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1966, pp. 113–132.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Risto Hilpinen, “On Inductive Generalization in Binary Functional Calculus of First Order”, in B. van Rootselaar (ed.),Abstracts of Papers: Third International Congress for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Amsterdam, 1967 (mimeographed).

  23. Raimo Tuomela, “Inductive Generalization in an Ordered Universe”, in Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes (eds.),Aspects of Inductive Logic, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1966, pp. 155–174.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Peter Achinstein, “Confirmation Theory, Order, and Periodicity”,Philosophy of Science 30 (1963), pp. 17–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jaakko Hintikka, “On Semantic Information”, in Wolfgang Yourgrau (ed.),Physics, Logic, and History, Proceedings of the First International Colloquium of the University of Denver, Plenum Press, N.Y., 1969, pp. 151–172.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Rudolf Carnap, “Inductive Logic and Inductive Intuition”, in Imre Lakatos (ed.),The Problem of Inductive Logic, Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, London, 1965, vol. 2, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1968, pp. 258–267.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. C. G. Hempel, “Inductive Inconsistencies”,Synthese 12 (1960), pp. 439–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Jaakko Hintikka and Juhani Pietarinen, “Semantic Information and Inductive Logic”, in Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes (eds.),Aspects of Inductive Logic, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1966, pp. 96–112.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Jaakko Hintikka, “Induction by Enumeration and Induction by Elimination”, in Imre Lakatos (ed.),The Problem of Inductive Logic, Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, London, 1965, vol. 2, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1968, pp. 191–216.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Jaakko Hintikka, “Varieties of Information and Scientific Explanation”, in B. van Rootselaar and J. F. Staal (eds.),Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science III, Proceedings of the 1967 International Congress, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1968, pp. 151–171.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Risto Hilpinen, “Rules of Acceptance and Inductive Logic”,Acta Philosophica Fennica 22 (1968), North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Juhani Pietarinen, “Empiiristen hypoteesien valinta ja episteemiset utiliteetit” (The choice of empirical hypotheses and epistemic utilities),Ajatus 30 (1968), pp. 123–168.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Imre Lakatos (ed.),The Problem of Inductive Logic, Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, London, 1965, vol. 2, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Isaac Levi, “Deductive Cogency in Inductive Inference”,Journal of Philosophy 62 (1965), pp. 68–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Isaac Levi,Gambling with Truth. A. A. Knopf, New York, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jaakko Hintikka and Risto Hilpinen, “Knowledge, Acceptance, and Inductive Logic”, in Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes (eds.),Aspects of Inductive Logic, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1966, pp. 1–20.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  37. Juhani Pietarinen and Raimo Tuomela,An Information Theoretic Approach to the Evaluation of Behavioral Theories, Reports from the Institute of Social Psychology at Helsinki University, no. 2, 1968.

  38. Juhani Pietarinen and Raimo Tuomela, “On measures of the Explanatory Power of Scientific Theories”, inAkten des XIV. Kongresses für Philosophie vol. 3, Verlag Herder, Wien, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Joseph Hanna,The Methodology of the Testing of Learning Models, Technical Report no. 2, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Joseph Hanna, “A New Approach to the Formulation and Testing of Learning Models”,Synthese 16 (1966), pp. 344–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Yrjö Ahmavaara,Informaatio (Information), Weilin & Göös, Helsinki, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Matti Bergström, “Neural Macrostates”,Synthese 17 (1967), pp. 425–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Matti Bergström, “Keskushermoston ongelmista” (Problems concerning the central nervous system),Ajatus 30 (1968), pp. 34–57.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Kari Lagerspetz,Ihminen ja kone (Man and Machine), WSOY, Helsinki, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Raimo Tuomela, “On Empirical Models of Scientific Theories”,Ajatus 30 (1968), pp. 169–195.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Raimo Tuomela, “Identifiability and Definability of Theoretical Concepts”,Ajatus 30 (1968), pp. 196–220.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Raimo Tuomela, “The Application Process of a Theory”,Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Ser. B, vol. 154, no. 3 (1968).

  48. Jaakko Hintikka and Raimo Tuomela, “Toward a General Theory of Auxiliary Concepts and Definability in First-Order Theories”, in Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes (eds.),Information and Inference, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1969 or 1970. (An earlier version of this paper appeared in the mimeographed proceedings of the First Scandinavian Symposium in Logic.)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Lars Svenonius, “A Theorem on Permutations in Models”,Theoria 25 (1959), pp. 173–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Stig Kanger,Mätning (Measurement), Filosofiska studier utgivna av Filosofiska Institutionen vid Stockholms Universitet vol. 8, Stockholm, 1963.

  51. Veli Valpola, “Über den Begriff der Quantität”,Ajatus 15 (1948), pp. 261–298.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Veli Valpola, “Über das Messen in der Psychologie”,Acta Psychologica 9 (1953), no. 1, pp. 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Matti Bergström, Die Mitberücksichtigung des Subjekts im sinnesphysiologischen Messakt, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica vol. 41, Suppl. 144 (1957), pp. 1–57.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Yrjö Ahmavaara,Yhteiskuntatieteiden kyberneettinen metodologia (A cybernetic methodology of the social sciences), Tammi, Helsinki, 1969. (Forthcoming.)

    Google Scholar 

  55. G. H. von Wright,Time, Change, and Contradiction (The Twenty-seventh Eddington Memorial Lecture), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  56. G. H. von Wright, “‘And Next’”,Acta Philosophica Fennica 18 (1965), pp. 293–304.

    Google Scholar 

  57. G. H. von Wright, “‘And Then’”,Societas Scientiarum Fennica, Commentationes Phys.-math. 32 (1966), no. 1.

  58. Risto Hilpinen, “An Analysis of Relativized Modalities”, in J. W. Davis, D. J. Hockney and W. K. Wilson (eds.),Philosophical Logic, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Jaakko Hintikka,Models for Modalities: Selected Essays, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  60. G. H. von Wright, “Katsaus teon yleiseen teoriaan” (A survey of a general theory of action),Sosiologia 1965, no. 2, pp. 53–61.

  61. Yrjö Ahmavaara, “Transformation Analysis of Factorial Data”,Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennica, Ser. B, vol. 88, no. 2 (1954).

  62. Yrjö Ahmavaara, “On the Mathematical Theory of Transformation Analysis”,Alkoholipoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen julkaisuja no. 1, 1963.

  63. Touko Markkanen, “Sosiaaliset ja psykologiset faktorit väkijuomien käytön selittäjinä” (Social and psychological factors as explanations of alcohol consumption),Alkoholipoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen tutkimusseloste no. 12, 1964.

  64. Seppo Mustonen, “Symmetrinen transformaatioanalyysi” (Symmetric transformation analysis),Alkoholipoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen tutkimusseloste no. 24, 1966.

  65. Kullervo Rainio,A Stochastic Model of Social Interaction, Transactions of the Westermarck Society vol. 7 (1961).

  66. Kullervo Rainio,A Stochastic Theory of Social Contacts, Transactions of the Westermarck Society vol. 8 (1962).

  67. Raimo Tuomela, “A Formalization of a Theory of Social Contacts and an Analysis of its Application Process”,Reports from the Institute of Social Psychology at Helsinki University, no. 1, 1968.

  68. Hans E. Andersin, “Kybernetiikasta — käyttäytymistieteiden näkökulmasta insinöörin silmin” (On cybernetics — with a view of the behavioral sciences from the vantage point of an engineer),Ajatus 30 (1968), pp. 5–33.

    Google Scholar 

  69. O. E. Niitamo, “Oskar Lange yleisen systeemiteorian kehittäjänä” (Oskar Lange's contribution to the general system theory),Ajatus 30 (1968), pp. 96–122.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Ilkka Heiskanen,Theoretical Approaches and Scientific Strategies in Administrative and Organizational Research: A Methodological Study, Societas Scientiarum Fennica, Commentationes Hum. Litt. vol. 39, no. 2 (1967).

  71. Juhani Pietarinen, “Informaatio sosiaalitieteiden teorianmuodostuksessa” (The role of information in the theories of the social sciences),Sosiologia 1968, no. 1, pp. 33–35.

  72. G. E. M. Anscombe,Intention, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  73. A. E. Melden,Free Action, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Charles Taylor,The Explanation of Behavior, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Donald Davidson, “Actions, Reasons, and Causes”,Journal of Philosophy 60 (1963), pp. 685–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. G. H. von Wright, “Om förklaring av beteende” (On the explanation of behavior),Nordisk psykologi 18 (1966), no. 1, pp. 16–29.

    Google Scholar 

  77. G. H. von Wright, “Käyttäytymisen selittämisestä”,Psykologia 1966, no. 1, pp. 11–23.

  78. Kari Lagerspetz,Teleological Explanation and Terms in Biology, Ann. Zool. Soc. Vanamo, vol. 19, no. 6 (1959).

  79. Eino Kaila,Terminalkausalität als die Grundlage eines unitarischen Naturbegriffs. Erster Teil: Terminalkausalität in der Atomdynamik. Acta Philosophica Fennica vol. 10 (1956).

  80. Eino Kaila, “Kybernetiikan illuusio” (The illusion of cybernetics),Ajatus 23 (1952), pp. 91–97.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Jaakko Borg, “Eino Kailan terminaalikausaliteetin tarkastelua” (On Eino Kaila's ‘terminal causality’),Ajatus 24 (1962), pp. 17–38.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Kari Lagerspetz, “Terminaalikausaliteetin näennäisongelma” (The illusion of a problem of ‘terminal causality’),Ajatus 30 (1968), pp. 82–95.

    Google Scholar 

  83. G. H. von Wright, “Om förklaringar i historievetenskapen” (On explanations in history),Historiallinen Arkisto 63 (1968), pp. 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  84. G. H. von Wright, “Historiallisista selityksistä”,Historiallinen Aikakauskirja 1967, no. 4, pp. 311–328.

  85. Raimo Tuomela, “Teot ja käyttäytymisen selittäminen” (Actions and the explanation of behavior),Psykologia 1966, no. 2, pp. 132–135.

  86. Raimo Tuomela, “Ymmärtävästä selittämisestä käyttäytymistieteissä” (On explanation throughVerstehen in behavioral sciences),Sosiologia 1969, no. 2.

  87. Pentti Renvall,Nykyajan historiantutkimus (Modern historical research), WSOY, Porvoo, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Pentti Renvall,Historiantutkimuksen työmenetelmät (Methods of historical research), WSOY, Porvoo, 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Peter Winch,The Idea of a Social Science and its Relation to Philosophy, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Erik Allardt, “Internal and External Criteria of Behavior Regularities”,Acta Sociologica 4 (1960), pp. 29–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Erik Allardt, “Sosiologisista selityksistä” (On explanations in sociology),Sosiologia 1969, no. 1, pp. 11–21.

  92. Juhani Pietarinen, “Sosiaalitieteellisten hypoteesien uutissisällöstä” (On the information-content of hypotheses in social sciences),Sosiologia 1969, no. 1, pp. 21–22.

  93. Erik Allardt, “How Disargeements in Sociology Arise from the Confusion of Empirical Statements with Rules for Scientific Procedure”,Transactions of the Westermarck Society 3 (1953), pp. 78–88.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Erik Allardt, “The Merger of American and European Traditions of Sociological Research: Contextual Analysis”,Social Science Information vol. 7 (1968), pp. 151–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Erik Allardt, “Basic Approaches in Comparative Sociological Research and the Study of Sport”,International Review of Sport Sociology 2 (1967), pp. 89–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Antti Eskola,Sosiologian tutkimusmenetelmät I–II (Sociological Research Methods), WSOY, Porvoo, 1962–66.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Eino Kaila,Die perzeptuellen und konzeptuellen Komponenten der Alltagserfahrung, Acta Philosophica Fennica vol. 13 (1962).

  98. Eino Kaila, “Arkikokemuksen perseptuaalinen ja konseptuaalinen aines”,Ajatus 23 (1960), pp. 50–115.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Yrjö Reenpää,Allgemeine Sinnesphysiologie, Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Yrjö Reenpää,Aufbau der allgemeinen Sinnesphysiologie, Grundlegung einer Wissenschaft vom Beobachteten, Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Yrjö Reenpää,Wahrnehmen, Beobachten, Konstituieren. Phänomenologie und Begriffsbestimmung der ersten Erkenntnisakte. Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Jaakko Hintikka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hintikka, J. Philosophy of science (Wissenschaftstheorie) in Finland. Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 1, 119–132 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01801445

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01801445

Keywords

Search

Navigation