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Dominant Articulations in Academic Business and Society Discourse on NGO–Business Relations: A Critical Assessment

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Abstract

Relations between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and companies have been the subject of a sharply increasing amount of publications in recent years within academic business journals. In this article, we critically assess this fast-developing body of literature, which we treat as forming a ‘business and society discourse’ on NGO–business relations. Drawing on discourse theory, we examine 199 academic articles in 11 business and society, international business, and management journals. Focusing on the dominant articulations on the NGO–business relationship and key signifiers they rely on, we analyze the problem-settings of articles in order to reveal the statements that are acceptable and appropriate within this field. Our threefold aim is to (1) identify dominant articulations of NGO–business relations in business and society discourse, (2) expose those articulations that are silenced or suppressed by these dominant articulations, and (3) critically assess possible power effects of these discursive dynamics in the field of discursivity. While business and society discourse on NGO–business relations overall remains open to many different articulations, we also find that those articulations that focus on NGO–business partnerships and governance initiatives tend to privilege collaborative and deliberative ways of engaging and marginalize more adversarial subject positions. We call for more recognition of the potentially constructive role that can be played by conflict.

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Notes

  1. In some articles, no “introduction” headline is provided. Instead, a common replacement of that is a first section that clearly substitutes an introduction, based on the content. We have treated these first sections as introductions in such cases.

  2. Although useful and applicable to the vast majority of the articles, the problem-setting approach proved to be inadequate in some cases. In some articles, the introduction was employed for purposes other than establishing the research purpose and background, for example, presenting methodology. In these cases the primary source was the abstract.

  3. Electronic databases do not always make available special issue articles, for example, Doh and Guay (2004). Articles not available through these electronic databases are not included in the analysis.

  4. Electronic databases do not always make available special issue articles, for example, Doh and Guay (2004). Articles not available through these electronic databases are not included in the analysis.

  5. A topic area not included in the review is studies where NGOs are the unit of analysis but not in relation to business. Although not included, it can be stated that such studies exist both in the fields of business and society (Knox and Gruar 2007; MacDonald et al. 2002; van Oosterhout 2006) and management (Galaskiewicz et al. 2006; Huxham and Vangen 2000; Lawrence et al. 2002; Majchrzak et al. 2007; Osterman 2006). In addition, a few studies had a comparative setting between NGOs and businesses (Brower and Shrader 2000; Cordano et al. 2004; Egri and Herman 2000). These were excluded because the focus of the analysis is on the relationship between NGOs and businesses.

  6. A specific topic that was not included in this analysis is ISO standardization. Although not examined here, it can be stated that there has been important research conducted on ISO 9000 and 14001 standards in business and society (Darnall 2006), international business (Christmann and Taylor 2006), and especially in the field of management (Benner and Tushman 2002; Boiral 2007; Guler et al. 2002; King et al. 2005; Terlaak 2007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland

    Salla Laasonen

  2. Hanken School of Economics, Arkadiankatu 22, P.O. Box 479, 00101, Helsinki, Finland

    Martin Fougère

  3. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Y2E2, Suite 287, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Arno Kourula

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  1. Salla Laasonen
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Correspondence to Salla Laasonen.

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Laasonen, S., Fougère, M. & Kourula, A. Dominant Articulations in Academic Business and Society Discourse on NGO–Business Relations: A Critical Assessment. J Bus Ethics 109, 521–545 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1143-z

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