Die Krise des Jahres 129 v. Chr.
Die Krise des Jahres 129 v. Chr.
Eine rechtlich-historische Rekonstruktion
Abstract
The authors analyse the key events in the course of Gracchan reforms when judicial power was transferred from triumviri agris iudicandis adsignandis to the consuls. The main objective of the paper is to define the essence of the political compromise which became the basis for this act and its consequences. In the authors’ opinion judicial powers were granted to the triumviri by the lex Sempronia iudiciaria. The authors believe that in 129 BC the senate managed to repeal this law making a compromise with the Gracchans, i. e. consenting to extend the term of office of the agrarian commission.
Keywords
Tiberius Gracchus | Scipio Aemilianus | Agrarkommission | lex Sempronia agraria | ager publicus | Italike
References
- 1. Astin, A. E. 1967: Scipio Aemilianus. Oxford.
- 2. Bauman, R. A. 1968: The Abrogation of Imperium: Some Cases and a Principle // RhM. 111, 37-50.
- 3. Bauman, R. A. 1979: The Gracchan Agrarian Commission: Four Questions // Historia. 28, 385-408.
- 4. Beness, J. L. 2005: Scipio Aemilianus and the Crisis of 129 B. C. // Historia. 54, 37-48.
- 5. Beness, J. L. 2009: Carbo’s Tribunate of 129 and the associated
dicta Scipionis // Phoenix. 63, 60-72. - 6. Beness, J. L. / Hillard, T. 2012: Another Voice against the „Tyranny“ of Scipio Aemilianus in 129 B. C.? // Historia. 61, 270-281.
- 7. Bernstein, A. H. 1978: Tiberius Gracchus. Tradition and Apostasy. Ithaca-London.
- 8. Botsford, G. W. 1968: The Roman Assemblies. From their Origin to the End of the Republic. New York.
- 9. Broughton, T. R.S. 1951: The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Vol. I. New-York.
- 10. Carcopino, J. 1967: Autour des Gracques. Paris.
- 11. Crawford, M. H. 1996: Roman Statutes. Vol. I. London.
- 12. Dart, Ch. J. 2011: The Impact of the Gracchan Land Commission and the Dandis Power of the Triumvirs // Hermes. 139, 337-357.
- 13. Degrassi, A. 1954: Fasti Capitolini. Torino.
- 14. Gabba, E. 1958: Appiani bellorum civilium liber primus. Firenze.
- 15. Gargola, D. 1995: Lands, Laws, and Gods. Magistrates and Ceremony in the Regulation of Public Lands in Republican Rome. London.
- 16. Gsell, St. 1928: Histoire ancienne de l’Afrique du Nord. Vol. VII. Paris. DOI 10.2307/1838378
- 17. Heikkilä, K. 1993: Lex non iure rogata: Senate and the Annulment of Laws in the Late Republic // Senatus Populusque Romanus: Studies in Roman Republican Legislation / Ed. J. Vaahtera. Helsinki. 117-142.
- 18. Kloft, H. 1977: Prorogation und außerordentliche Imperien 326-81 v. Chr. Meisenheim am Glan.
- 19. Kunkel, W. 1972: Magistratische Gewalt und Senatsherrschaft // ANRW. I. 2, 3-22. DOI 10.1515/9783110836417-002
- 20. Lange, L. 1876: Römische Alterthümer. Bd 1. Aufl. 3. Berlin.
- 21. Lapyrionok, R. V. 2012: Der Kampf um die lex Sempronia agraria: Vom Zensus 125/124 v. Chr. bis zum Agrarprogramm des Gaius Gracchus. Bonn.
- 22. Liebenam, W. 1901: Comitia // RE. IV 2, 679-715.
- 23. Molthagen, J. 1973: Die Durchführung der gracchischen Agrarreform // Historia. 22, 423-458.
- 24. Mommsen, Th. 1887a-b: Römisches Staatsrecht. Bd 1-2. Aufl. 3. Leipzig.
- 25. Münzer, F. 1937: Titius (23) // RE. VI A 2, 1563-1564.
- 26. Richardson, J. S. 1980: The Ownership of Roman Land: Tiberius Gracchus and the Italians // JRS. 70, 1-11. DOI 10.2307/299552
- 27. Seibert, J. 1972: IIIviri agris iudicandis adsignandis lege Sempronia // RSA. 2, 53-86.
- 28. Smortschkow, A. M. 2012: Religija i wlast w Rimskoj Respublike: magistraty, zrecy, chramy (Religion und Macht in der Römischen Republik: Magistrate, Priester, Tempel). Moskwa.
- 29. Stockton, D. 1979: The Gracchi. Oxford.
- 30. Tibiletti, G. 1948: Il possesso dell’„ager publicus“ e le norme „de modo agrorum“ sino ai Gracchi (cap. IIII) // Athenaeum. N.S. 26, 4-41.