Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Debatten und Perspektiven des Critical Realism. In vier Schritten wird dieser Ansatz hinsichtlich seiner wissenschaftstheoretischen Grundlagen, seines Emergenzmaterialismus und kritischen Naturalismus, seiner zentralen sozialontologischen Interventionen sowie seines ethisches Projekts einer explanatorischen Kritik ausgeleuchtet. Im Anschluss daran wird nach dem Verhältnis des Critical Realism zu einer zeitgemäßen kritischen Sozialtheorie gefragt, wobei der Artikel Vorschläge zu deren Verfasstheit, Minimalanforderungen und primären Initiativfeldern unterbreitet. Die These lautet, dass der Critical Realism eine eminent produktive philosophische Rahmung kritischer Sozialtheorie ist und dass er systemtheoretisch erweitert wichtige Anregungen zu einer materialistischen, d. h. anti-luhmannianischen Theorie sozialer Differenzierung liefert.
Abstract
This article gives an overview of critical realism’s most important debates and perspectives. In four steps, critical realism’s principles in philosophy of science, its emergent powers materialism and critical naturalism, its central interventions in the field of social ontology, and its ethical project of explanatory critique are pondered. Subsequently, the relationship of critical realism to a contemporary critical social theory is considered by offering suggestions on the institution, minimal criteria and main subject matters of the latter. It is argued that critical realism is an extremely productive philosophical framework for critical social theory and that it may, via a systems theoretical elaboration, provide important stimulus for a materialist, i.e. anti-luhmannian theory of social differentiation.
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