Abstract
Nanotechnology shows great promise in a variety of applications with attractive economic and societal benefits. However, societal issues associated with nanotechnology are still a concern to the general public. While numerous technological advancements in nanotechnology have been achieved over the past decade, research into the broader societal issues of nanotechnology is still in its early phases. Based on the data from the Web of Science database, we applied the main path analysis, cluster analysis and text mining tools to explore the main research fronts and hierarchical structure of these societal issues. We found that the research studies fell into four categories: “General Toxicity and EHS (Environment, Health and Safety),” “Medicine and Cytotoxicity,” “Assessment and Regulation,” and “Environment and Ecotoxicity.” These research studies have disclosed much information about the potential effect of nanotechnology on public health and the environment. Relatively speaking, the studies on the assessment, regulation, preventive solutions, and environmental protection are just emerging. This finding indicates that an abundance of effort should be conducted on these emerging themes to maximize the benefits of nanotechnology while minimizing its potential harm. The implications for various parties in this domain are also presented.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to express our gratitude to Gary Wang and Lynn Shen for their contributions toward the development of research tools. Moreover, we would also like to express our sincere thanks to the editors and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments over the review process.
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Descriptive Statistics of the 2,795 Core Papers
Appendix 2
A summary of 49 papers on the main path
Author | YP | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Path 1: General Toxicity; Health; Environment | |||
Nemmar, A; Vanbilloen, H; Hoylaerts, MF; et al. | 2001 | Passage of intratracheally instilled ultrafine particles from the lung into the systemic circulation in hamster | American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine |
Borm, PJA | 2002 | Particle toxicology: From coal mining to nanotechnology | Inhalation Toxicology |
Colvin, VL | 2003 | The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials | Nature Biotechnology |
Oberdorster, E | 2004 | Manufactured nanomaterials (Fullerenes, C-60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass | Environmental Health Perspectives |
Oberdorster, G; Oberdorster, E; Oberdorster, J | 2005 | Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles | Environmental Health Perspectives |
Warheit, DB; Webb, TR; Sayes, CM; Colvin, VL; et al. | 2006 | Pulmonary instillation studies with nanoscale TiO2 rods and dots in rats: Toxicity is not dependent upon particle size and surface area | Toxicological Sciences |
Warheit, DB; Webb, TR; Reed, KL; Frerichs, S; et al. | 2007 | Pulmonary toxicity study in rats with three forms of ultrafine-TiO2 particles: Differential responses related to surface properties | Toxicology |
Path 2: Cytotoxicity; Medicines; Toxicants | |||
Thomas, K; Sayre, P | 2005 | Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part I: Evaluating the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials | Toxicological Sciences |
Holsapple, MP; Farland, WH; Landry, TD; et al. | 2005 | Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part II: Toxicological and safety evaluation of nanomaterials, current challenges and data needs | Toxicological Sciences |
Rouse, JG; Yang, JZ; Barron, AR; Monteiro-Riviere, NA | 2006 | Fullerene-based amino acid nanoparticle interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes | Toxicology in Vitro |
Davoren, M; Herzog, E; Casey, A; et al. | 2007 | In vitro toxicity evaluation of single walled carbon nanotubes on human A549 lung cells | Toxicology in Vitro |
Casey, A; Herzog, E; Davoren, M; et al. | 2007 | Spectroscopic analysis confirms the interactions between single walled carbon nanotubes and various dyes commonly used to assess cytotoxicity | Carbon |
Herzog, E; Casey, A; Lyng, FM; Chambers, G; et al. | 2007 | A new approach to the toxicity testing of carbon-based nanomaterials—The clonogenic assay | Toxicology Letters |
Casey, A; Herzog, E; Lyng, FM; Byrne, HJ; et al. | 2008 | Single walled carbon nanotubes induce indirect cytotoxicity by medium depletion in A549 lung cells | Toxicology Letters |
Herzog, E; Byrne, HJ; Casey, A; et al. | 2009 | SWCNT suppress inflammatory mediator responses in human lung epithelium in vitro | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology |
Muller, J; Huaux, F; Fonseca, A; et al. | 2008 | Structural defects play a major role in the acute lung toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes: toxicological aspects | Chemical Research in Toxicology |
Shvedova, AA; Kisin, ER; Porter, D; Schulte, P; et al. | 2009 | Mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity and medical applications of carbon nanotubes: Two faces of Janus? | Pharmacology & Therapeutics |
Jaurand, MCF; Renier, A; Daubriac, J | 2009 | Mesothelioma: Do asbestos and carbon nanotubes pose the same health risk? | Particle and Fibre Toxicology |
Bellucci, S; Chiaretti, M; Cucina, A; Carru, GA; et al. | 2009 | Multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypaper: toxicology and biological effects in vitro and in vivo | Nanomedicine |
Brandenberger, C; Rothen-Rutishauser, B; Muhlfeld, C; et al. | 2010 | Effects and uptake of gold nanoparticles deposited at the air–liquid interface of a human epithelial airway model | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology |
Shvedova, AA; Kagan, VE | 2010 | The role of nanotoxicology in realizing the ‘helping without harm’ paradigm of nanomedicine: lessons from studies of pulmonary effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes | Journal of Internal Medicine |
Inoue, K; Yanagisawa, R; Koike, E; et al. | 2010 | Repeated pulmonary exposure to single-walled carbon nanotubes exacerbates allergic inflammation of the airway: Possible role of oxidative stress | Free Radical Biology and Medicine |
Path 3: Ecotoxicity; Health; Environment | |||
Handy, RD; Shaw, BJ | 2007 | Toxic effects of nanoparticles and nanomaterials: Implications for public health, risk assessment and the public perception of nanotechnology | Health Risk & Society |
Wang, JX; Zhou, GQ; Chen, CY; et al. | 2007 | Acute toxicity and biodistribution of different sized titanium dioxide particles in mice after oral administration | Toxicology Letters |
Federici, G; Shaw, BJ; Handy, RD | 2007 | Toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Gill injury, oxidative stress, and other physiological effects | Aquatic Toxicology |
Handy, RD; von der Kammer, F; Lead, JR; et al. | 2008 | The ecotoxicology and chemistry of manufactured nanoparticles | Ecotoxicology |
Handy, RD; Owen, R; Valsami-Jones, E | 2008 | The ecotoxicology of nanoparticles and nanomaterials: current status, knowledge gaps, challenges, and future needs | Ecotoxicology |
Domingos, RF; Baalousha, MA; Ju-Nam, Y; et al. | 2009 | Characterizing Manufactured Nanoparticles in the Environment: Multimethod Determination of Particle Sizes | Environmental Science & Technology |
Domingos, RF; Peyrot, C; Wilkinson, KJ | 2009 | Aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: role of calcium and phosphate | Environmental Chemistry |
Gallego-Urrea, JA; Tuoriniemi, J; Pallander, T; et al. | 2009 | Measurements of nanoparticle number concentrations and size distributions in contrasting aquatic environments using nanoparticle tracking analysis | Environmental Chemistry |
Path 4: Toxicity; Safety Assessment, Regulation | |||
Warheit, DB; Hoke, RA; Finlay, C; et al. | 2007 | Development of a base set of toxicity tests using ultrafine TiO2 particles as a component of nanoparticle risk management | Toxicology Letters |
Park, EJ; Yi, J; Chung, YH; Ryu, DY; et al. | 2008 | Oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cultured BEAS-2B cells | Toxicology Letters |
AshaRani, PV; Mun, GLK; Hande, MP | 2009 | Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Cells | ACS Nano |
Meng, H; Xia, T; George, S; Nel, AE | 2009 | A Predictive Toxicological Paradigm for the Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials | ACS Nano |
Lee, TL; Chan, WY; Rennert, OM | 2009 | Assessing the Safety of Nanomaterials by Genomic Approach Could Be Another Alternative | ACS Nano |
George, S; Pokhrel, S; Xia, T; Gilbert, B; et al. | 2010 | Use of a Rapid Cytotoxicity Screening Approach To Engineer a Safer Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle through Iron Doping | ACS Nano |
Boxall, AB; Tiede, K; Chaudhry, Q | 2007 | Engineered nanomaterials in soils and water: How do they behave and could they pose a risk to human health? | Nanomedicine |
Path 5: Environment; Ecotoxicity; Toxicants | |||
Behra, R; Krug, H | 2008 | Nanoecotoxicology—Nanoparticles at large | Nature Nanotechnology |
Slaveykova, VI; Startchev, K; Roberts, J | 2009 | Amine- and Carboxyl-Quantum Dots Affect Membrane Integrity of Bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 | Environmental Science & Technology |
Ferry, JL; Craig, P; Hexel, C; Sisco, P; Frey, R; et al. | 2009 | Transfer of gold nanoparticles from the water column to the estuarine food web | Nature Nanotechnology |
Kaiser, JP; Krug, HF; Wick, P | 2009 | Nanomaterial cell interactions: how do carbon nanotubes affect cell physiology? | Nanomedicine |
Aruguete, DM; Guest, JS; Yu, WW; et al. | 2009 | Interaction of CdSe/CdS core–shell quantum dots and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Environmental Chemistry |
Aruguete, DM; Hochella, MF | 2009 | Bacteria–nanoparticle interactions and their environmental implications | Environmental Chemistry |
Path 6: Ecotoxicity; Environment; Contamination | |||
Hassellov, M; Readman, JW; Ranville, JF; et al. | 2008 | Nanoparticle analysis and characterization methodologies in environmental risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles | Ecotoxicology |
Handy, RD; Henry, TB; Scown, TM; et al. | 2008 | Manufactured nanoparticles: their uptake and effects on fish-a mechanistic analysis | Ecotoxicology |
Farre, M; Gajda-Schrantz, K; Kantiani, L; et al. | 2009 | Ecotoxicity and analysis of nanomaterials in the aquatic environment | Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry |
Blasco, C; Pico, Y | 2009 | Prospects for combining chemical and biological methods for integrated environmental assessment | TrAC-Trends in Analytical Chemistry |
Perez, S; Farre, M; Barcelo, D | 2009 | Analysis, behavior and ecotoxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials in the aquatic environment | TrAC-Trends in Analytical Chemistry |
Baun, A; Hartmann, NB; Grieger, KD; et al. | 2009 | Setting the limits for engineered nanoparticles in European surface waters—are current approaches appropriate? | Journal of Environmental Monitoring |
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Lu, L.Y.Y., Lin, B.J.Y., Liu, J.S. et al. Ethics in Nanotechnology: What’s Being Done? What’s Missing?. J Bus Ethics 109, 583–598 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1432-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1432-1