Regional Identities in the Greek World: Myth and Koinon in Ionia

Subscibe in publisher´s online store Share via email
Regional Identities in the Greek World: Myth and Koinon in Ionia
Mac Sweeney, Naoíse

From the journal Historia Historia, Volume 70, September 2021, issue 3

Published by Franz Steiner Verlag

article, 26237 Words
Original language: English
Historia 2021, pp 268-314
https://doi.org/10.25162/historia-2021-0011

Abstract

This article sheds new light on the dynamic nature of Greek regional identities. It does this with reference to the Ionians of Asia Minor, investigating both the presentation of Ionian collectivity through foundation myths, and the practice of Ionian communality through the Ionian League. It then considers the relationship between the two from the sixth century BCE to the fourth century CE. The Ionian example demonstrates that Greek regional groupings were changeable rather than stable, and that both their importance and social meaning were historically contingent.

Author information

Naoíse Mac Sweeney

Keywords

identity | regionalism | Ionia | myth | koinon

References

  • 1. Ager, A. L. 1996. Interstate Arbitrations in the Greek World, 337-90 BC, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • 2. Ager, A. L. 1998. ‘Civic Identity in the Hellenistic World: The Case of Lebedos’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 39: 5-21.
  • 3. Baughan, E. P. 2011. ‘Sculpted Symposiasts of Ionia’, American Journal of Archaeology 115: 19-53.
  • 4. Beck, H. / Funke, P. 2015. ‘An introduction to federalism in Greek antiquity’, in H. Beck and P. Funke (eds) Federalism in Greek Antiquity, pp1-29, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 5. Billows, R. A. 2007. ‘Rebirth of a region: Ionia in the early Hellenistic period’, in H. Elton and G. Reger (eds) Regionalism in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Bordeaux: Ausonius, 33-43.
  • 6. Birley, A. R. 1997. Hadrian: The Restless Emperor, London and New York: Routledge.
  • 7. Blok, J. 1996. ‘A Tale of Many Cities: Amazons in the Mythical Past of Greek Cities in Asia Minor,’ in by S. Marchand and E. Lunbeck (eds) Proof and Persuasion: Essays on Authority, Objectivity, and Evidence, Turnhout: Brepols, 81-99.
  • 8. Blümel, W. / Merkelbach, R. , . 2014. Die Inschriften von Priene, Bonn: Rudolph-Habelt.
  • 9. Boatwright, M. T. 2000. Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • 10. Buckler, W. H. / Robinson, D. M. 1932. Sardis. Volume VII: Greek and Latin Inscriptions, Part I, Leiden: Brill.
  • 11. Buraselis, K. 2015. ‘Federalism and the sea: the koina of the Aegean islands’, in H. Beck and P. Funke (eds) Federalism in Greek Antiquity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 358-379.
  • 12. Campanile, M. D. 1994. I sacerdoti del koinon d’Asia, Pisa: Giardini Editori.
  • 13. Carless Unwin, N. 2017. Caria and Crete in Antiquity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 14. Caspari, M. O. B. 1915. ‘The Ionian Confederacy’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 25: 173-188.
  • 15. Chaniotis, A. 2005. War in the Hellenistic World: A Social and Cultural History, London: Routledge.
  • 16. Cohen, G. 1995. The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor. Berkeley.
  • 17. Cook, J. M. 1961. ‘Some Sites of the Milesian Territory’, Annual of the British School at Athens 56: 90-101.
  • 18. Constantakopoulou, C. 2015. ‘Beyond the Polis: Island Koina and Other Non-Polis Entities in the Aegean’, in C. Taylor and K. Vlassopoulos eds. Communities and Networks in the Ancient Greek World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015, 213-36.
  • 19. Constantakopoulou, C. 2016. ‘Anonymous, On Delos (De Delo, ex Hyperide) (401b)’, in I. Worthington (general ed.) Brill’s New Jacoby, Leiden: Brill. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/10.1163/1873-5363_bnj_a401b
  • 20. Constantakopoulou, C. 2017. Aegean Interactions: Delos and its Networks in the Third Century, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 21. Debord, P. 1999. L’Asie mineure au IVe siècle (412-323 a. C.). Pouvoir et jeux politiques. Bordeaux-Paris: De Boccard.
  • 22. Demand, N. 1990. Urban Relocation in Archaic and Classical Greece: Flight and Consolidation, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • 23. Dignas, B. 2002. Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 24. Donnellan, L. 2012. ‘Apollo mediating identities in ancient Greek Sicily’, BABESCH 87: 173-186.
  • 25. Ellis-Evans, A. 2016. ‘The koinon of Athena Ilias and its coinage’, American Journal of Numismatics 28: 105-158.
  • 26. Ellis-Evans, A. 2019. The Kingdom of Priam. Lesbos and the Troad between Anatolia and the Aegean, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 27. Engelmann, H. 2000. ‘Asiarchs’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 132: 174-5.
  • 28. Forster, F. F. R. 2018. Die Polis im Wandel. Ehrendekrete für eigene Bürger im Kontext der hellenistischen Polisgesellschaft, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • 29. Fowler, R. 2013. Early Greek Mythography. Volume 2: Commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 30. Fragoulaki, M. 2013. Kinship in Thucydides: Intercommunal ties and historical narrative. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 31. Friesen, S. J. 1993. Twice Neokoros: Ephesus, Asia and the Cult of the Flavian Imperial Family, Leiden: Brill.
  • 32. Friesen, S. J. 1999. ‘Asiarchs’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 126: 275-90.
  • 33. Gardner, P. 1911. ‘The Coinage of the Ionian Revolt’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 31: 151-160.
  • 34. Gillespie, J. 1956. ‘ΚΟΙΟΝ ΙΓ ΠΟΛΕΩΝ. A Study of the Coinage of the Ionian League’, Revue belge de numismatique et de sigillographie 102: 31-53.
  • 35. Greene, E. S. / Lawall, M. / Polzer, M. E. , . 2008. ‘Inconspicuous Consumption: The Sixth-Century B. C. E. Shipwreck at Pabuç Burnu, Turkey’, American Journal of Archaeology 112: 685-711.
  • 36. Habicht, C. 2003. ‘Rhodian Amphora Stamps and Rhodian Eponyms’, Revue des Études Anciennes, 105: 541-578.
  • 37. Hahland, W. 1964. ‘Didyma im 5. Jahrhundert v.Chr.’ Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 79: 142-240.
  • 38. Hall, J. M. 1997. Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 39. Hamilton, R. 2000. Treasure Map. A Guide to the Delian Inventories, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • 40. Head, B. V. 1892. A Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Ionia, London: The British Museum.
  • 41. Heisserer, A. J. 1984. ‘IG XII, 2, 1 (The Monetary Pact between Mytilene and Phokaia)’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 55: 115-132.
  • 42. Herda, A. 2006. ‘Panionion-Melia, Mykalessos-Mykale, Pereus und Medua: Überlegungen zur Besiedlungsgeschichte der Mykale in der frühen Eisenzeit’, Istanbuler Mitteilungen 56: 43-102.
  • 43. Herda, A. 2009. Karkiša-Karien und die sogenannte ionische Migration,” in F. Rumscheid (ed.) Die Karer und die Anderen, Bonn: Rudolph Habelt, 27-108.
  • 44. Herrmann, P. 2002. ‘Das κοινὸν τῶν Ἰώνων unter römischer Herrschaft’, in N. Erhardt and L.-M. Günther (eds) Widerstand, Anpassung, Integration: die griechische Staatenwelt und Rom, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 223-240.
  • 45. Hiller von Gaertringen, F. 1906. Inschriften von Priene, Berlin.
  • 46. Hoover, O. D. 2010. Handbook of Coins of the Islands, Lancaster/London: Classical Numismatic Group.
  • 47. Hornblower, S. 1982. ‘Thucydides, the Panionian Festival, and the Ephesia (III 104)’, Historia 31: 241-245.
  • 48. Hornblower, S. 2015. Lykophron: Alexandra, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 49. Horster, M. 2013. ‘Priene: Civic Priests and Koinon-priesthoods in the Hellenistic Period’, in M. Horster and A. Klöckner (eds) Cities and Priests: Cult Personnel in Asia Minor and the Aegean Islands from the Hellenistic to the Imperial Period, Berlin: De Gruyter, 177-208.
  • 50. Howgego, C. 2005. ‘Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces’, in C. Howgego, V. Heuchert and A. Burnett (eds) Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1-18.
  • 51. Jenkins, F. W. 2016. ‘Nikandros, son of Anaxagoras, and Nikandros, son of Damaios, of Kolophon (271-272)’, in I. Worthingon (ed.) Brill’s New Jacoby, Leiden: Brill. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/10.1163/1873-5363_bnj_a271-272
  • 52. Johnston, A. 2007. Greek Imperial Denominations, ca 200-274. A Study of the Roman Provincial Bronze Coinages of Asia Minor, London: Royal Numismatic Society.
  • 53. Kampmann, U. 1997. ‘Eine gemeinsame Emission der Städte Pergamon und Ephesos für das Koinon der 13 ionischen Städte. Beiträge des Münzhandels zur Imperialforschung’, in J. Nollé, B. Overbeck and P. Weiß (eds) Internationales Kolloquium zur kaiserzeitlichen Münzprägung Kleinasiens, München 27.-30 April 1994, Milan: Ennerre, 83-91.
  • 54. Kerschner, M. / Schlotzhauer, U. , . 2004. ‘A New Classification System for East Greek Pottery’, Ancient West & East 5: 1-56.
  • 55. Kienast, D. / Eck, W. / Heil, M. , . 2017. Römische Kaisertabelle. Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie, Darmstadt: WBG.
  • 56. Kleiner, G. / Hommel, P. / Müller-Wiener, W. , . 1967. Panionion und Melie, Berlin: De Gruyter.
  • 57. Klose, D. O. A. 1987. Die Münzprägung von Smyrna in der römischen Kaiserzeit, Berlin: De Gruyter.
  • 58. Kowalzig, B. 2005. ‘Mapping out Communitas: Performances of Thēoria in their Sacred and Political Context’, in J. Elsner and I. Rutherford (eds) Pilgrimage in Greco-Roman and Early Christian Antiquity. Seeing the Gods, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 41-72.
  • 59. LaBuff, J. 2016. Polis Expansion and Elite Power in Hellenistic Karia, Lanham: Lexington Books.
  • 60. Lawall, M. 2006. ‘Amphoras and Economic History’, in O. Scherrer and E. Trinkl (eds) Die Tetragonos Agora in Ephesos. Forschungen in Ephesos 13(2), Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 253-255.
  • 61. Lemos, I. S. 2007. ‘The Migrations to the West Coast of Asia Minor: Tradition and Archaeology’, in J. Cobet, V. von Graeve, W.-D. Neimeier, and K. Zimmerman (eds) Frühes Ionien. Eine Bestandsaufnahme, Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, 713-728.
  • 62. Lenschau, T. 1913. ‘Zur Geschichte Ioniens’, Klio 13: 175-183.
  • 63. Lohmann, H. 2012. ‘Ionians and Carians in the Mykale: The Discovery of Carian Melia and the Archaic Panionion’, in G. Cifani, S. Stoddart, and S. Neil (eds) Landscape, Ethnicity and Identity in the Archaic Mediterranean Area, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 24-31.
  • 64. Ma, J. 1999. Antiochus III and the Cities of Western Asia Minor, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 65. Ma, J. 2013. Statues and Cities. Honorific Portraits and Civic Identities in the Hellenistic World, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 66. Ma, J. / Papazarkadas, N. / Parker, R. (eds) 2009. Interpreting the Athenian Empire, London: Bloomsbury.
  • 67. Mac Sweeney, N. 2013. Foundation Myths and Politics in Ancient Ionia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 68. Mac Sweeney, N. (ed.) 2015. Foundation Myths in Ancient Societies: Dialogues and Discourses, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • 69. Mac Sweeney, N. 2017. ‘Separating Fact from Fiction in the Ionian Migration’, Hesperia 86: 379-428.
  • 70. Mack, W. 2015. Proxeny and Polis: Institutional Networks in the Ancient Greek World, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 71. Mackil, E. 2013. Creating a Common Polity: Religion, Economy, Politics and the Making of the Greek Koinon, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • 72. Maier, F. G. 1959-1961. Griechische Mauerbauinschriften, Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer.
  • 73. Magnetto, A. 2008. L’arbitrato di Rodi fra Samo e Priene, Pisa: Edizioni della Normale.
  • 74. Malkin, I. 2007. ‘Ethnicité et colonisation: le réseau d’identité grecque en Sicile’, Pallas 73: 181-190.
  • 75. Malkin, I. / Müller, C. , . 2012. ‘Vingt ans d’ethnicité: bilan historiographique et application du concept aux études anciennes’, in L. Capdetrey and J. Zurbach (eds) Mobilités grecques. Mouvements, réseaux, contacts en Méditerranée de l’époque archaïque à l’époque hellénistique, Ausonius: Bordeaux, 25-37.
  • 76. Mastrocinque, L. 1979. La Caria le la Ionia meridionale in epoca ellenistica (323-188 a. C.), Rome: L’Erma di Bretchneider.
  • 77. Mazzucchi, R. 2008. ‘Mileto et la Sympoliteia con Miunte’, Studi Ellenistici 20: 387-407.
  • 78. McAuley, A. 2015. ‘Federalism in the Kyrenaïka?’, in H. Beck and P. Funke (eds) Federalism in Greek Antiquity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 419-433.
  • 79. McInerney, J. , (ed.) 2014. A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • 80. Meadows, A. 2013. ‘The Ptolemaic League of Islanders’, in K. Buraselis, M. Stefanou and D. J. Thompson (eds) The Ptolemies, the Sea and the Nile, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 19-38.
  • 81. Meritt, B. 1935. ‘Inscriptions of Colophon’, American Journal of Philology 56: 358-397.
  • 82. Metcalfe, M. J. 2005. Reaffirming Regional Identity: Cohesive Institutions and Local Interactions in Ionia 386-129 BC, [unpublished PhD thesis], University College London.
  • 83. Milne, J. G. 1944. Kolophon and its Coinage: A Study. New York: American Numismatic Society.
  • 84. Mitchell, S. 1993. Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • 85. Mitchell, S. 1999. ‘The Administration of Roman Asia from 133 BC to AD 250’, in W. Eck and E. Müller-Luckner (eds) Lokale Autonomie und römische Ordnungsmacht in den kaiserzeitlichen Provinzen vom 1. Bis 3. Jahrhundert, Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 17-46.
  • 86. Morwood, J. 2013. Hadrian, London: Bloomsbury.
  • 87. Müller, C. / Prost, F. 2013. ‘Un décret du koinon des Ioniens trouvéà Claros’, Chiron 43, pp.93-126.
  • 88. Nielsen, T. H. 1999. ‘The Concept of Arkadia - The People, their Land, and their Organisation’, in T. H. Nielsen and J. Roy (eds) Defining Ancient Arkadia, Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 16-79.
  • 89. Osborne, R. 1999. ‘Archaeology and the Athenian Empire’, Transactions of the American Philological Association 129: 319-332.
  • 90. Osborne, R. 2009. Greece in the Making, 1200-479 BC, London: Routledge.
  • 91. Piejko, F. 1991. ‘Decree of the Ionian League in Honor of Antiochus I, ca 267-262 BC’, Pheonix 45: 126-147.
  • 92. Rathmayr, E. 2010. ‘Die Präsenz des Ktistes Androklos in Ephesos’, Anzeiger der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 1: 19-60.
  • 93. Robert, L. 1937. Études anatoliennes: recherches sur les inscriptions grecques de l’Asie Mineure, Paris: de Boccard.
  • 94. Robert, L. 1954. La Carie. Histoire et Géographie historique avec le recueil des inscriptions antiques, Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve.
  • 95. Rogers, G. M. 1991. The Sacred Identity of Ephesos: Foundation Myths of a Roman City, London: Routledge.
  • 96. Sakellariou, M. B. 1958. La Migration grecque en Ionie, Athens: Institut Français d’Athènes.
  • 97. Shipley, D. G. J. 1987. A History of Samos, 800-188 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 98. Shipley, D. G. J. 2018. The Early Hellenistic Peloponnese: Politics, Economics, and Networks 338-117 BC, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 99. Sokolowski, F. 1955. Lois sacrées de l’Asie Mineure, Paris: Boccard.
  • 100. Sokolowski, F. 1970. ‘Règlement relative àla celebration des Panionia’, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 94: 109-112.
  • 101. Stylianou, P. J. 1983. ‘Thucydides, the Panionian Festival, and the Ephesia (III 104), Again’, Historia 32: 245-249.
  • 102. Tausend, K. 1992. Amphiktyonie und Symmachie. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • 103. Texier, C. 1862. Asie Mineure. Description géographique, historique et archéologique, Paris: Firmin Didot Frères.
  • 104. Thomas, R. 2019. Polis Histories, Collective Memories and the Greek World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 105. Thonemann, P. 2012. ‘A copy of Augustus’ Res Gestae at Sardis’, Historia 61: 282-288.
  • 106. Thonemann, P. 2011. The Maeander Valley: A Historical Geography from Antiquity to Byzantium, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 107. Thonemann, P. 2015. The Hellenistic World: Using Coins as Sources, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 108. Vacante, S. 2015. ‘Kolophon in the Early Hellenistic Age’, Klio 97: 539-602.
  • 109. Vanschoonwinkel, J. 2006. ‘Greek Migrations to Aegean Anatolia in the Early Dark Age’, in G. R. Tsetskhladze (ed.) Greek Colonisation I: An account of Greek colonies and other settlements overseas, Leiden: Brill, 115-142.
  • 110. Varınlıoğlu, E. 1980. ‘Inscriptions from Erythrae’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 38: 149-156.
  • 111. Vlassopoulos, K. 2007. Unthinking the Greek Polis: Ancient Greek History Beyond Eurocentrism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • 112. Vlassopoulos, K. 2011. ‘Regional perspectives and the study of Greek history’, Incidenza dell’antico 9: 9-31.
  • 113. Weiß, P. 2002. ‘Asiarchen und Archiereis Asias’, in N. Erhardt and L.-M. Günther (eds) Widerstand, Anpassung, Integration: die griechische Staatenwelt und Rom, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 241-254.
  • 114. Wiegand, T. / Schrader, H. , . 1904. Priene. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungen in den Jahren 1895-1898, Vol. 1, Berlin.
  • 115. Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von , . 1906. Über die ionische Wanderung, Berlin: Verlag der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.