Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Lost in translation: incomer organic farmers, local knowledge, and the revitalization of upland Japanese hamlets

  • Published:
Agriculture and Human Values Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Upland Japan suffers from extreme depopulation, aging, and loss of agricultural, economic, and social viability. In addition, the absence of a successor generation in many marginalized hamlets endangers the continuation of local knowledge associated with upland agricultural livelihoods and severely limits the prospects of rural revitalization and development. Resettlement by incomer organic farmers represents an opportunity to both pass on valuable local knowledge and rejuvenate local society. Survey and interview data are used to explore the knowledge dynamics at play in upland Japan between local and incomer organic farmers. Using a “knowledge culture” framework, socio-cultural and symbolic barriers and spatial conditions limiting local knowledge exchange are identified and analyzed. Despite a number of reasons to suggest affinity and natural alignment toward knowledge sharing, each group’s ideas of “legitimate knowledge” and acceptable behavior have contested the field of communication and confused the negotiation process. Building on previous studies of farmer’s knowledge networks, examples in this study suggest that negotiation between knowledge cultures can be facilitated by both active means and intrinsic factors, and be derailed because of physical and temporal symbolic references. The degree to which locals and incomers collaborate and identify with each other as stakeholders with a common future may determine the extent to which local knowledge, especially local knowledge from past agricultural regimes, can play a role within upland endogenous development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The “sixth industry” is a term coined by Imamura Naraomi referring to the hybridized result of multiplying the first three industrial sectors (first, agriculture; second, manufacturing, and third service) and has been adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Fisheries (MAFF). MAFF believes that “the sixth industry is expected to synergistically create new added-value through effective use of agricultural, forestry and fishery products, as well as land, water and other resources in farming, mountain and fishing villages, by integrating production, processing and distribution activities” (2010, p. 70).

  2. Traditional Japanese farmhouses sometimes incorporated stabling areas within the home for livestock, such as horses or cows.

  3. Nightsoil is human excrement and was widely used as a field amendment before WWII.

  4. Rationalization also arrived later to upland hamlets than those in flatland areas, which contributed to the persistence of traditional practices. In many of these upland hamlets looked at in this study, major infrastructural construction did not take place until the 1980s, as opposed to during the late 1950s or 1960s in most flatland areas.

  5. See Jussaume's Japanese Part-Time Farming- Evolution and Impacts (1991) for an in-depth field analysis of pluriactivity in Okayama Prefecture.

  6. In 2006, 1,533,957 of 1,963,424 (~78%) commercial farming households' non-agricultural income percentage accounted for the majority of household income. Another 884,742 non-commercial households (cultivate less than 3 ha with annual sales less than $5,000 US; conversion rate 100 yen = $1 US) are another sizeable population not included in that calculation.

  7. During the 1970s, after a period of government-led price adjustment for rice that reduced rural incomes, Japanese farm women initiated a “self-sufficiency movement” aimed at providing safe food for their own families in a frugal way. See Hasumi et al. (1986) for more on that movement.

  8. The word “genkai” in Japanese literally translates as “limit” or “threshold,” giving the impression that these hamlets have reached their limits and are “on the edge” of disappearing.

  9. Land area is 13,562.23 km2; the average elevation for Nagano is 1,132 m.

  10. This number is considered high when compared to other prefectures.

  11. Mailfert defines “new” farmers as those “in the first 10 years of farming” with farming parents or background; “neo” farmers are those beginning farming “whose parents were not farmers” (2006, p. 29).

  12. Arce and Long’s chapter on the dynamics of knowledge in Long and Long’s definitive work Battlefields of knowledge: The interlocking theory and practice of social research and development (1992), presents the notion of “interfaces” of knowledge, focusing on “encounter[s] between individuals with different interests, resources, and power” (p. 214). They maintain that “studies of interface encounters aim to bring out the types of discontinuities that exist and the dynamic and emergent character of the struggles and interactions that take place, showing how actors’ goals, perceptions, values, interests and relationships are reinforced or reshaped by this process” (Arce and Long 1992, p. 214).

  13. Average elevation of organic farms in Nagano was 752 m.

  14. Respondents citing a need for skills and training and those who did not were evenly distributed among those who had learned the majority of their agricultural skills from family, agricultural training, and personal experience.

  15. (27/5) indicates that the IOF is 27 years of age and has farmed for 5 years.

  16. 84.3% of IOFs surveyed had graduated from post-secondary school.

  17. Khaledi et al. (2010) find a similar trend where younger conventional farmers adopting organic farming leave a larger area under conventional management for financial reasons.

  18. Pearson Chi-square test results for comparisons of the advice requested by female IOFs and male IOFs were not statistically significant.

  19. Miso is fermented soy bean curd and mochi are sticky rice cakes.

Abbreviations

IOF:

Incomer organic farmer

MAFF:

Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries

NKYNKK:

Nagano Prefecture Organic Farming Research Association

NPO:

Non-profit organization

References

  • Agrawal, A. 1995. Dismantling the divide between indigenous and scientific knowledge. Development and Change 26(3): 413–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akitsu, M. 2009. Nō he no Tayōka suru Sanyu Pataan to Shien (The Diversity of Participatory Patterns and Assistance in Farming). Nōgyō to Keizai (Agriculture and Economy) 75(10): 5–14. (In Japanese)

  • Antweiler, C. 2004. Local knowledge theory and methods: An urban model from Indonesia. In Investigating local knowledge: New directions, new approaches, ed. A. Bicker, P. Sillitoe, and J. Pottier, 1–34. Hampshire, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arce, A.C., and N. Long. 1992. The dynamics of knowledge: Interfaces between bureaucrats and peasants. In Battlefields of knowledge: The interlocking theory and practice of social research and development, ed. N. Long, and A. Long, 211–246. London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, J.W. 2006. Folk experiments. Agriculture and Human Values 23: 451–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkes, F. 2008. Sacred ecology, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkes, F., J. Colding, and C. Folke. 2000. Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecological Applications 10(5): 1251–1262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, W. 1984. Whose head is the farmer using? Whose head is using the farmer? In Meeting the expectations of the land: Essays in sustainable agriculture and stewardship, ed. W. Jackson, et al., 19–30. San Francisco, CA: North Point Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bicker, A., P. Sillitoe, and J. Pottier (eds.). 2004. Investigating local knowledge: New directions, new approaches. Hampshire, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a theory of practice. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruckmeier, K., and H. Tovey. 2008. Knowledge in sustainable rural development: From forms of knowledge to knowledge processes. Sociologia Ruralis 48(3): 313–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruckmeier, K., and H. Tovey. 2009. Rural sustainable development in the knowledge society. London, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, R.J.F. 2004. Seeing through the ‘good farmer’s’ eyes: Towards developing an understanding of the social symbolic value of ‘productivist’ behaviour. Sociologia Ruralis 44(2): 195–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cetinkaya, G. 2009. Challenges for the maintenance of traditional knowledge in the Satoyama and Satoumi ecosystems, Noto Peninsula, Japan. Human Ecology Review 16(1): 27–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J., and J. Murdoch. 1997. Local knowledge and the precarious extension of scientific networks: A reflection on three case studies. Sociologia Ruralis 37(1): 38–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darnhofer, I. 2005. Organic farming and rural development: Some evidence from Austria. Sociologia Ruralis 45(4): 308–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dove, M.R. 2000. The life-cycle of indigenous knowledge, and the case of natural rubber production. In Indigenous environmental knowledge and its transformations: Critical anthropological perspectives, ed. R. Ellen, et al., 213–251. Singapore: Harwood Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egoz, S., J. Bowring, and H.C. Perkins. 2001. Tastes in tension: Form, function, and meaning in New Zealand’s farmed landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 57: 177–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellen, R. 2000. Local knowledge and sustainable development in developing countries. In Global sustainable development in the 21st century, ed. K. Lee, et al., 163–186. Great Britain: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellen, R., and H. Harris. 2000. Introduction. In Indigenous environmental knowledge and its transformations: Critical anthropological perspectives, ed. R. Ellen, et al., 1–34. Singapore: Harwood Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshuis, J., and M. Stuiver. 2005. Learning in context through conflict and alignment: Farmer and scientist in search of sustainable agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values 22(2): 137–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuoka, M. 1983. Wara ippon no kakumei (One straw revolution). Tokyo: Shunjusha. (In Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa, A. 2007. Village life in modern Japan: An environmental perspective. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadgil, M., S.P. Rao, G. Utkarsh, P. Pramod, and A. Chhatre. 2000. New meanings for old knowledge: The people’s biodiversity registers program. Ecological Applications 10(5): 1307–1317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassanein, N., and J.R. Kloppenburg Jr. 1995. Where the grass grows again: Knowledge exchange in the sustainable agriculture movement. Rural Sociology 60(4): 721–740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasumi, T., T. Suzuki, and H. Negishi. 1986. Nousanbutsu Jikyu Uundo (Self-sufficiency movement). Tokyo: Ochanomizu-shobo. (In Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayami, Y., S. Yamada, and M. Akino. 1991. The agricultural development of Japan: A century’s perspective. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh, S.C. 2005. Organic farming for sustainable agriculture in Asia with special reference to Taiwan experience. Research Institute of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation. http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/558/eb558.pdf. Accessed 12 May 2011.

  • IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements). 2011. Principles of Organic Agriculture. http://www.ifoam.org/organic_facts/principles/pdfs/IFOAM_FS_Principles_forWebsite.pdf. Accessed 7 April 2011.

  • Ingram, J. 2008. Agronomist-farmer knowledge encounters: An analysis of knowledge exchange in the context of best management practices in England. Agriculture and Human Values 25: 405–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, J. 2010. Technical and social dimensions of farmer learning: An analysis of the emergence of reduced tillage systems in England. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 34(2): 183–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Issac, M.E., B.H. Erickson, S.J. Quashie-Sam, and V.R. Timmer. 2007. Transfer of knowledge on agroforestry management practices: The structure of farmer advice networks. Ecology and Society 12(2): 32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, K. 1999. The present situation of mountainous areas in Japan and the measures for promotion: Based on the case study of active communities and depressed communities. In MARG-marginal areas research group: Local knowledge and innovations: Enhancing the substance of non-metropolitan regions, ed. K. Kobayashi, et al., 267–278. Kyoto: University of Kyoto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, T.N. 2000. Putting postmodernity into practice: Endogenous development and the role of traditional cultures in the rural development of marginal regions. Ecological Economics 34: 301–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jussaume Jr., R.A. 1990. Quality-of-life perceptions of Japanese part-time farmers. Journal of Rural Studies 6(3): 259–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jussaume Jr., R.A. 1991. Japanese part-time farming: Evolution and impacts. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jussaume Jr., R.A. 1998. Globalization, agriculture, and rural social change in Japan. Environment and Planning A 30: 401–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jussaume Jr., R.A. 2003. Part-time farming and the structure of agriculture in post-war Japan. In Farmers and village life in twentieth-century Japan, ed. A. Waswo, and Y. Nishida, 199–220. New York, NY: Routledge Curzon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelemen, E., B. Megyesi, and I.N. Kalamasz. 2008. Knowledge dynamics and sustainability in rural livelihood strategies: Two case studies from Hungary. Sociologia Ruralis 48(3): 257–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, W.W. 1986. Rationalization and nostalgia: Cultural dynamics of new middle-class Japan. American Ethnologist 13: 603–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khaledi, M., S. Weseen, E. Sawyer, S. Ferguson, and R. Gray. 2010. Factors influencing partial and complete adoption of organic farming practices in Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d’agroeconomie 58(1): 37–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kloppenburg Jr., J. 1991. Social theory and the de/reconstruction of agricultural science: Local knowledge for an alternative agriculture. Rural Sociology 56(4): 519–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura, A.H., and M. Nishiyama. 2007. The chisan-chosho movement: Japanese local food movement and its challenges. Agriculture and Human Values 25(1): 49–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. 1997. The soil as teacher: Natural farming in a mountain village. In Japanese images of nature: Cultural perspectives, ed. P.J. Asquith, and A. Kalland, 236–256. London, UK: Curzon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. 2003. Organic farming settlers in Kumano. In Farmers and village life in twentieth-century Japan, ed. A. Waswo, and Y. Nishida, 267–292. New York, NY: Routledge Curzon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristiansen, P., and C. Merfield. 2006. Overview of organic agriculture. In Organic agriculture: A global perspective, ed. P. Kristiansen, et al., 1–23. Australia: CSIRO Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • MAFF (Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). 2006. Statistical Yearbook 2006. Tokyo: MAFF.

    Google Scholar 

  • MAFF (Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). 2007. Chuusankanchiiki to ha? (“What are Upland Regions?”). http://www.maff.go.jp/j/nousin/tyusan/siharai_seido/s_about/cyusan/index.html. Accessed 27 July 2011. (In Japanese)

  • MAFF (Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries) 2008. Annual Report on Food, Agriculture, and Rural Areas in Japan FY 2007. http://www.maff.go.jp/e/annual_report/2007/pdf/e_all.pdf. Accessed 30 November 2009.

  • MAFF (Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries) 2010. Annual Report on Food, Agriculture, and Rural Areas in Japan FY 2009. http://www.maff.go.jp/e/annual_report/2009/pdf/e_all.pdf. Accessed 23 April 2011.

  • Mailfert, K. 2006. New farmers and networks: How beginning farmers build social connections in France. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 98(1): 21–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKean, M.A. 1992. Management of traditional common lands (iriaichi) in Japan. In Making the commons work: Theory, practice, and policy, ed. D.W. Bromley, 63–98. San Francisco, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millar, J., and A. Curtis. 1997. Moving farmer knowledge beyond the farm gate: An Australian study of farmer knowledge in group learning. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 4(2): 133–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore Jr., B.M. 1966. Social origins of dictatorship and democracy: Lord and peasant in the making of the modern world. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, C. 2006. Negotiating the boundary between state-led and farmer approaches to knowing nature: An analysis of UK agri-environment schemes. Geoforum 37(1): 113–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murdoch, J., and J. Clark. 1994. Sustainable knowledge. Geoforum 25(2): 115–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagano Prefecture. 2007. Nagano Ken Shoku to Nougyou Nouson Shinkou Keikaku (Nagano Prefecture Food, Farming, and Rural Village Promotional Program). Nagano City, Japan: Nagano Prefecture Department of Agricultural Policy. (In Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagano Prefecture. 2010. 2010 World Farming and Fishing Census Summary Results: Nagano Prefecture. Nagano City: Nagano Prefecture Planning Department Information Statistics Department. (In Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nerbonne, J.F., and R. Lentz. 2003. Rooted in grass: Challenging patterns of knowledge exchange as a means of fostering social change in a southeast Minnesota farm community. Agriculture and Human Values 20(1): 65–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, Y. 2003. Dimensions of change in twentieth-century rural Japan. In Farmers and village life in twentieth-century Japan, ed. A. Waswo, and Y. Nishida, 7–37. London, UK: Routledge Curzon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nygren, A. 1999. Local knowledge in the environment-development discourse. Critique of Anthropology 19(3): 267–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oono, A. 2008. Genkaishuraku to Chiikisaisei (Marginal hamlets and regional revitalization). Nagano City: Shinano Mainichi Shinbunsha. (In Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Peter, G., M. Bell, S. Jarnagin, and D. Butler. 2006. Cultivating dialogue: Sustainable agriculture and masculinities. In Country boys: Masculinity and rural life, ed. H. Campbell, et al., 27–46. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polyani, M. 1967. The tacit dimension. New York, NY: Anchor Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pugliese, P. 2001. Organic farming and sustainable rural development: A multifaceted and promising convergence. Sociologia Ruralis 41(1): 112–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raedeke, A.H., and J.S. Rikoon. 1997. Temporal and spatial dimensions of knowledge: Implications for sustainable agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values 14: 145–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, C. 1998. Culture, intellectual property and territorial rural development. Sociologia Ruralis 38(1): 3–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards, P. 1993. Cultivation: Knowledge or performance? In An anthropological critique of development: The growth of ignorance, ed. M. Hobart, 61–78. London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riley, M. 2008. Experts in their fields: Farmer-expert knowledges and environmental friendly farming practices. Environment and Planning A 40(6): 1277–1293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiomi, N. 2008. Han Nō Han X Toiu Ikikata (The half-farming, half X lifestyle). Tokyo: Sony Magazine Paperbacks. (In Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shotter, J. 1985. Accounting for place and space. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 3: 447–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sligo, F.X., C. Massey, and K. Lewis. 2005. Informational benefits via knowledge networks among farmers. Journal of Workplace Learning 17: 452–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sligo, F.X., and C. Massey. 2007. Risk, trust and knowledge networks in farmers’ learning. Journal of Rural Studies 23: 170–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stuiver, M., C. Leeuwis, and J.D. van der Ploeg. 2004. The power of experience: Farmer’s knowledge and sustainable innovations in agriculture. In Seeds of transition: Essays on novelty production, niches, and regimes in agriculture, ed. J.S.C. Wiskerske, and J.D. van der Ploeg, 93–117. Assen: Royal van Gorcum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuiver, M., and J.S.C. Wiskerske. 2004. The VEL and VANLA environmental co-operatives as a niche for sustainable development. In Seeds of transition: Essays on novelty creation, niches, and regimes in agriculture, ed. J.S.C. Wiskerske, and J.D. van der Ploeg, 119–148. Assen: Royal van Gorcum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuiver, M. 2006. Highlighting the retro-side of innovation and its potential for regime change in agriculture. In Between the local and the global: Confronting complexity in the contemporary agri-food sector, ed. T. Marsden, and J. Murdoch, 147–173. London, UK: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teruoka, S. (ed.). 2008. Agriculture in the modernization of Japan 1850–2000. New Delhi: Manohar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tovey, H. 2008. Introduction: Rural sustainable development in the knowledge society era. Sociologia Ruralis 48(3): 185–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsouvalis, J., S. Seymour, and C. Watkins. 2000. Exploring knowledge-cultures: Precision farming, yield mapping, and the expert-farmer interface. Environment and Planning A 32: 909–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Ploeg, J.D. 1992. The reconstitution of locality: Technology and labour in modern agriculture. In Labour and locality: Uneven development and the rural labour process, ed. T. Marsden, P. Lowe, and S. Whatmore, 19–43. London, UK: David Fulton.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Ploeg, J.D., and A. Long (eds.). 1994. Born from within: Practice and perspectives of endogenous rural development. Assen: Van Gorcum.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Ploeg, J.D., and H. Renting. 2000. Impact and potential: A comparative review of European rural development practices. Sociologia Ruralis 40(4): 529–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Ploeg, J.D., H. Renting, G. Brunori, K. Knickel, J. Mannion, T. Marsden, K. de Roest, E. Sevilla-Guzman, and F. Ventura. 2000. Rural development: From practices and policies towards theory. Sociologia Ruralis 40(4): 391–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vayda, A.P., B.B. Walters, and I. Setyawati. 2004. Doing and knowing: Questions about studies of local knowledge. In Investigating local knowledge: New directions, new approaches, ed. A. Bicker, P. Sillitoe, and J. Pottier, 35–58. Hampshire, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, G. 2007. The origins of organic farming. In Organic farming: An international history, ed. W. Lockeretz, 9–29. Wallingford, UK: CABI.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Warriner, G.K., and T.M. Moul. 1992. Kinship and personal communication network influences on the adoption of agriculture conservation technology. Journal of Rural Studies 8(3): 279–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, B., and J. Pretty. 2004. Social connectedness in marginal rural China: The case of farmer innovation circles in Zhidan, North Shannxi. Agriculture and Human Values 21(1): 81–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study has been partially funded by the Open Research Centre for the Study of Satoyama and Community Life at Ryūkoku University in Kyoto, Japan. The author would like to acknowledge Dr. Motoki Akitsu and Dr. Masaki Ochi for their editing assistance and guidance throughout the research process. The author would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers and the journal editor for their comments on earlier versions of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Resource Economics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyouku, Kitashirakawa Oimachi, Kyoto City, 606-8502, Japan

    Steven R. McGreevy

Authors
  1. Steven R. McGreevy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven R. McGreevy.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

McGreevy, S.R. Lost in translation: incomer organic farmers, local knowledge, and the revitalization of upland Japanese hamlets. Agric Hum Values 29, 393–412 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-011-9347-5

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-011-9347-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation