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Internormative Gastronomies: Law, Nation and Identity

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Sensing the Nation's Law

Part of the book series: Studies in the History of Law and Justice ((SHLJ,volume 13))

Abstract

Norms applying to food interact with conceptions of nationhood, identity and law. This occurs through gastronomies and ethico-religious standards, recognition and conviviality, and the voice of communities in the sourcing and labelling of their food. Law, nation and identity intersect in the notion of citizenship. The chapter moves from the tight relationships by which persons are constrained within overdetermined categories of state law and national citizenship, to explore the possibilities unleashed by a loosening of the bonds between law, nation and identity. Sections deal in turn with each of these “loosenings”, as we prize apart the knots that bind (i) identity and nation, (ii) nation and law, and (iii) law and identity, each in relation to the cultural and legal context of food. With these loosenings, the unified jurisdiction of the nation-state gives way to plural and informal law; a single national identity expands into multiple ethical and ethnic associations; identity is no longer determined by state-centred legal interpellation but allows persons to “inhabit” a range of norms. By expanding the scope for participation and interaction in each of these areas, citizenship finds new networks for expansion, enrichment and reflexivity. The full spectrum of social justice can only be addressed by regimes and networks that ensure fair and adequate distribution of food, that respect the cultural demands as well as the biological needs of communities, and that ensure participation, through choices informed by personally relevant criteria and social and political structures.

For Roderick Macdonald,

who opened so many doors for us in understanding

legal pluralism and internormativity,

in memoriam.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Macdonald, Roderick A. 1996. Les Vieilles Gardes. Hypothèses sur l’emergence des normes, l’internormativité et le désordre à travers une typologie des institutions normatives. In Le droit soluble. Contributions québécoises à l’étude de l’internormativité, ed. Jean-Guy Belley. Paris: Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 152.

  2. 2.

    Onfray, Michel. 1995. La raison gourmande. Paris: Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle, 52ff.

  3. 3.

    Macdonald, Roderick A. 1998. Metaphors of Multiplicity: Civil Society, Regimes and Legal Pluralism. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law 15: 69.

  4. 4.

    Maine, Henry. 1917. Ancient Law. London: J. M. Dent, 100; Feldman, Leonard. 2008. Status Injustice: The role of the state. In Adding Insult to Injury: Nancy Fraser Debates her Critics, ed. Kevin Olson, 225–227. London: Verso.

  5. 5.

    Olson, Kevin. 2008. Participatory Parity and Democratic Justice. In Adding Insult to Injury: Nancy Fraser Debates her Critics, ed. Kevin Olson, 266. London: Verso.

  6. 6.

    Fraser, Nancy. 2008. Reframing Justice in a Globalizing World. In Adding Insult to Injury: Nancy Fraser Debates her Critics, ed. Kevin Olson, 277–278. London: Verso.

  7. 7.

    Honneth, Axel. 1995. The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts. Cambridge: Polity Press, 129.

  8. 8.

    This paper is the third arising from a study of 117 food outlets on Marrickville Road in Sydney. Readers may refer to the earlier papers for methodological and demographic information on the study and the area involved. Mohr, Richard and Nadirsyah Hosen. 2013. Crossing Over: Hosts, guests and tastes on a Sydney street, Law Text Culture 17: 100–128. Mohr, Richard. 2013. Rethinking the Secular: Religion, ethics and science in food regulation. In Working papers of the Centre for International Governance and Justice. March: 1–15. Canberra: RegNet, ANU.

  9. 9.

    Macdonald, Roderick A. 2009. Human Rights and Identity – Human Identities and Rights, Canadian Issues. Spring, 63.

  10. 10.

    Agamben, Giorgio. 1998. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 129.

  11. 11.

    Barnard, F. M. 2003. Herder on Nationality, Humanity and History. Montréal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 14; Macdonald, 1998, 74–5.

  12. 12.

    Castles, Stephen. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship. Canberra: Parliamentary Research Service; Kymlicka, Will. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

  13. 13.

    Macdonald, 1996.

  14. 14.

    Weir, Allison. 2013. Identities and Freedom: Feminist Theory Between Power and Connection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  15. 15.

    Yasa, Dilvin. 2017. “‘Wogdom’, sandwiches and sushi: a story of three lunch boxes”. SBS 13 February. http://www.sbs.com.au/food/article/2017/02/13/wogdom-sandwiches-and-sushi-story-three-lunch-boxes Accessed 30 March 2017.

  16. 16.

    http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/13/world/europe/13lucca.html?_r=0 published 12 March 2009, http://www.corriere.it/english/09_gennaio_27/kebab_lucca_e6c0ee1c-ec86-11dd-be73-00144f02aabc.shtml published 27 January 2009, both accessed 22 June 2015.

  17. 17.

    Warde, Alan and Lydia Martens. 2000. Eating Out: Social Differentiation, Consumption and Pleasure. Port Chester, NY: Cambridge University Press, 147–151.

  18. 18.

    Onfray, 1995, 64–65.

  19. 19.

    Heath, Elizabeth. 2011. Eat Streets: A Culinary Adventure through 150 years of Marrickville Council. Marrickville, NSW: Marrickville Council, 6.

  20. 20.

    Heath, 2011, 6.

  21. 21.

    Bourdieu, Pierre. 2010. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Trans. Richard Nice. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Classics, 173–175; Bennett, Tony, Michael Emmison and John Frow. 1999. Accounting for Tastes: Australian Everyday Cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 95–96.

  22. 22.

    Hosking, Richard, ed. 2006. Authenticity in the Kitchen: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2005. Totnes, Devon: Prospect.

  23. 23.

    Potter, Andrew. 2010. The Authenticity Hoax: How we get lost finding ourselves. Melbourne: Scribe.

  24. 24.

    Taylor, Charles. 1995. Philosophical Arguments. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 227.

  25. 25.

    Golomb, Jacob. 1995. In Search of Authenticity: Existentialism from Kierkegaard to Camus. London: Routledge.

  26. 26.

    Taylor, 1995. 231.

  27. 27.

    Further to Onfray’s (1995) classification of culinary tastes from reactionary to progressive, and Warde and Martens’ (2000) “neophobia and neophilia” or conservative and adventurous, discussed above, we have mapped these onto political and social views (Mohr & Hosen, 2013).

  28. 28.

    Butterly, Nick. 2011. Halal meat converting Aussies: MP, The West Australian. 25 November; Lewis, Steve. 2011. Tackle Extreme Islam Before it’s too Late, Liberal MPs Warn, Herald Sun. 9 February.

  29. 29.

    Sheehan, Paul. 2013. Halal Easter eggs and cat food: where big money meets religion. Sydney Morning Herald. 28 March.

  30. 30.

    Hansard. Commonwealth of Australia. Parliamentary Debates. House of Representatives, 24 November 2011: 13854 (Luke Simpkins MP).

  31. 31.

    Personal email correspondence received 28 February 2015.

  32. 32.

    Hansard, 2011. In a delicious irony of Australian politics, Mr Simpkins lost his parliamentary seat in 2016 to Dr Anne Aly, the first Muslim woman elected to the House of Representatives.

  33. 33.

    Parkins, B. Restaurant victim of anti-Islamic abuse. Illawarra Mercury 13 March 2015. http://www.illawarramercury.com.au/story/2944051/restaurant-victim-of-anti-islamic-abuse/ Accessed 25 April 2015.

  34. 34.

    Macdonald, 1998. 69.

  35. 35.

    Hosen, Nadirsyah. 2012. Hilal and Halal: How to Manage Islamic Pluralism in Indonesia? Asian Journal of Comparative Law. 7: 1–18.

  36. 36.

    http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/export/meat/elmer-3/list-islamic-halal-certification. Accessed 12 February 2013.

  37. 37.

    http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/organic/organic-farming/what-is-organic-farming/organic-certification/index_en.htm accessed 22 June 2015.

  38. 38.

    http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/353297/Organic-Standards-and-certification-in-Australia.pdf dated August 2010, accessed 22 June 2015.

  39. 39.

    Clemons, Rachel. 2012. A Cagey Business. Choice, July: 20–22.

  40. 40.

    Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Turi Foods Pty Ltd (No 5) [2013] FCA 1109.

  41. 41.

    Black, Ann, Hossein Esmaeili and Nadirsyah Hosen. 2013. Modern Perspectives on Islamic Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 266–7.

  42. 42.

    http://animalliberation.org.au/national-rallies-against-live-export/ accessed 16 February 2013.

  43. 43.

    Macdonald, 1996. 137.

  44. 44.

    Althusser, Louis. 1994. Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes towards an investigation). In Mapping Ideology, ed. Slavoj Zizek. 130–31. London: Verso.

  45. 45.

    Foucault, Michel. 1991. Governmentality. In The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. eds G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller, 99. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

  46. 46.

    Foucault, Michel. 2001. Power. London: Penguin, 294.

  47. 47.

    Butler, Judith. 1997. Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. New York: Routledge, 82.

  48. 48.

    Interpellation derives from Latin interpellere, to interrupt by speaking, from pellere, to push or strike. Morris, William (ed) 1969, American Heritage Dictionary. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 685, 1533.

  49. 49.

    Butler, 1997. 40.

  50. 50.

    Weir, 2013. 7.

  51. 51.

    Agamben, Giorgio. 2015. Gusto. Macerata: Quodlibet, 22.

  52. 52.

    Macdonald, 1996. 152.

  53. 53.

    While health is fundamentally biological and individual, beliefs about health are shared with others and can be included in a conception of a cultural identity.

  54. 54.

    Weir, 2013. 52–3.

  55. 55.

    Fischler, Claude. 1979. Gastro-nomie et gastro-anomie: Sagesse du corps et crise bioculturelle de l’alimentation moderne, Communications 31: 206.

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    Google Scholar 

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Social Research Policy & Planning, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Richard Mohr

  2. Faculty of Law, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia

    Nadirsyah Hosen

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  1. Richard Mohr
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Correspondence to Richard Mohr .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ghent Legal History Institute, Ghent University , Gent, Belgium

    Stefan Huygebaert

  2. Department of Law, University of Roma Tre Department of Law, 00154 Roma RM, Italy

    Angela Condello

  3. Political Science Department, University of Hawai'i Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, USA

    Sarah Marusek

  4. Faculty of Law, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada

    Mark Antaki

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Mohr, R., Hosen, N. (2018). Internormative Gastronomies: Law, Nation and Identity. In: Huygebaert, S., Condello, A., Marusek, S., Antaki, M. (eds) Sensing the Nation's Law. Studies in the History of Law and Justice, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75497-0_10

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