E-LOGOS 2013, 20(1):1-17 | DOI: 10.18267/j.e-logos.356

Epistemologie dat v současné vědě

Jindřich Mynarz
University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic

Dominantní pozitivistická epistemologie dat v současné vědě, která staví na metafyzickém realismu a ideálu mechanické objektivity, trpí řadou trhlin. Tyto nedostatky byly identifikovány v mnohých kritických ohlasech, které vedou k nové problematizaci ustáleného konceptu dat. Mezi kritizovanými aspekty tohoto konceptu se opakují varování ohledně zasazenosti dat do kontextu jejich tvorby, jejich zprostředkovanost nebo otevřenost manipulacím. Funkce dat v posledních letech nabývá na důležitosti kvůli stoupající datové náročnosti vědy, a proto je dříve neproblematickému konceptu dat věnováno více pozornosti. Objevují se také alternativní přístupy k epistemologii dat, z nichž tato práce představuje směr konstruktivistický a rétorický. Prezentovaný text lze díky své kompilativní povaze, čerpající z kritické literatury zabývající se epistemologií dat, pojmout jako syntézu a rekonfiguraci existujících myšlenek k danému tématu. Je možné ho rovněž přijmout jako jeden z příspěvků k rétorické argumentaci v diskurzu dat současné vědy.

Keywords: data, epistemologie, konstruktivismus, rétorika

Contemporary science is dominated by positivist epistemology of data, which builds on metaphysical realism and the ideal of mechanical objectivity, yet suffers from a number of flaws. Shortcomings of this approach were identified in many critical responses and led to a new problematization of the established concept of data. The often criticised aspects of this concept remark on data being embedded in the context of its making, and point out the mediation of data and its openness to manipulation. In recent years, the function of data gained an unprecedented importance due to the rising demands of science for data, which attracted attention to this formerly unproblematic concept. Several alternative approaches to epistemology of data appeared, of which this text introduces the positions proceeding from constructivism and rhetoric. The presented paper draws heavily on critical literature in epistemology of data. Due to its summarizing character, it may be understood as a synthesis and reconfiguration of the existing thoughts on the topic. In this way, the paper offers a contribution to rhetorical argumentation in the discourse of data in contemporary science.

Keywords: data, epistemology, constructivism, rhetoric

Prepublished online: December 17, 2013; Published: June 1, 2013  Show citation

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Mynarz, J. (2013). Epistemologie dat v současné vědě. E-LOGOS, 20(1), 1-17. doi: 10.18267/j.e-logos.356
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