Abstract
The present article is an attempt at a closer reading of Ivan Ilyin’s relationship to fascism. This is explored primarily through a selection of articles in which Ilyin wrote in positive terms of Italian fascism, and in one case also of German National Socialism. The author of this article first presents a summary of relevant historical and biographical information, revealing that although Ilyin praised fascism in his articles, his personal experience of German Nazism was negative. This is followed by an examination of Ilyin’s own concept of fascism, concluding that it in fact derived from his understanding of the Russian White Movement. The examination focuses on three selected aspects, key notions for both fascism and Ilyin’s philosophy: the principle of the leader, the idea of the elite and the notion of chivalry, and nationalism and anti-Semitism. This analysis demonstrates that Ilyin drew upon idealized versions of these concepts, as integral parts of his projected utopian vision of a future Russia.
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Notes
I discuss this issue in more detail in another article currently in print.
A sophisticated pun—the phrase “vzyskuiushchikh rytsarstva” used by Ilyin is a reference to the Gospel – “vzyskuiushchikh tsarstva”.
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This study was funded by a grant Cooperatio: Asian, Middle Eastern and East European Studies provided by The Charles University in Prague
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Nykl, H. Ivan Ilyin: fascist or ideologue of the White Movement utopia?. Stud East Eur Thought (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11212-024-09631-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11212-024-09631-8