Abstract
We align with other challenges to the idea that emotion-free science, even in principle, is a productive scientific value. We emphasize that emotion can be seen to have important functional benefits for the research scientist and the wider science. Here we analyze the function of anthropomorphic expressions from practicing bioengineering scientists and claim that anthropomorphisms can be an indirect or roundabout indicator of emotional experience. We claim that the attribution of emotional states through anthropomorphism contributes to the motivation, interest, and attention of the researcher and may carry implications of agency, such that objects central to problem solving are imbued with agency and transformed into working partners with the research scientist in cognitive practices toward shared and individual problem solving goals.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Our notion of cognitive partnering might appear to be the same as that of the “actor network” introduced by Bruno Latour (1987). There are significant differences between ‘partners’ and ‘actors’. First, unlike Latour’s actors, not all partners are equal. Human partners (agents) ascribe agency to salient artifacts, but true agency (on our view) requires intentionality, and so artifacts can perform cognitive functions in the system and exhibit independent behaviors, but are not themselves agents.
References
Bechara, A. (2004). The role of emotion in decision making: Evidence from neurological patients with orbitofrontal damage. Brain and Cognition, 55(1), 30–40.
Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes’ error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain. New York: Grosset/Putnam.
Damasio, A. (2003). Looking for Spinoza: Joy, sorrow, and the feeling brain. New York: Harcourt.
Daston, L., & Gallison, P. (2007). Objectivity. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Dror, I. (2009). How can Francis Bacon help forensic science? The four idols of human biases. Jurimetrics: The Journal of Law, Science, and Technology, 50, 93–110.
Dennett, D. (1996). Kinds of minds: Toward an understanding of consciousness. New York: Basic Books.
Duffy, B. (2003). Anthropomorphism and the social robot. Special issue on socially interactive robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 42(3–4), 177–190.
Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.
Greeno, J. (1998). The situativity of knowing, learning, and research. American Psychologist, 53, 5–26.
Haidt, J. (2007). The new synthesis in moral psychology. Science, 18(316), 998–1002.
Hutchins, E. (1995). Cognition in the wild. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Knorr-Cetina, K. (1999). Epistemic cultures: How the sciences make knowledge. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh. New York: Basic Books.
Latour, B. (1987). Science in action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
LeDoux, J. (1998). Fear and the brain: Where we have been, and where are we going? Biological Psychiatry, 44(12), 1229–1238.
McAllister, J. (2005). Emotion, rationality, and decision making in science. In Petr, H., Valdés-Villanueva, L., & Westerståhl, D. (Eds.), Logic, methodology and philosophy of science: Proceedings of the twelfth international congress (pp 559–576). London: King’s College.
Nersessian, N., Kurz-Milcke, E., Newstetter, W., Davies, J. (2003). Research laboratories as evolving distributed cognitive systems. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 857–862.
Osbeck, L., & Nersessian, N. (2011). Affective problem solving: Emotion in research practice. Mind and Society, 10, 57–78.
Parrott, W., & Harré, R. (2001). Emotions in cultural contexts in space and in time [Special issue]. International Journal of Group Tensions, 30(1).
Polanyi, M. (1973/1958). Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Resnick, L., Pontecorvo, C., & Säljö, R. (1997). Discourse, tools, and reasoning. In L. Resnick, R. Säljö, C. Pontecorvo, & B. Burge (Eds.), Discourse, tools, and reasoning: Essays on situated cognition. Berlin: Springer.
Serpell, J. (2006). People in disguise: Anthropomorphism and the human-pet relationship. In L. Daston & G. Mitman (Eds.), Thinking with animals (pp. 124–136). New York: Columbia University Press.
Solomon, R. (1993). The philosophy of emotions. In M. Lewis & J. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 3–15). New York: Guilford.
Spencer, H. (1858). The use of anthropomorphism. In Essays: Scientific, political, and speculative (pp. 430–435). London: Woodfall and Kinder.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
Thagard, P. (2008). Hot thought. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Thagard, P., & Stewart, R. (2011). The AHA! experience: Creativity through emergent binding in neural networks. Cognitive Science, 35, 1–33.
White, P. (2009). Introduction. Focus: The emotional economy of science. Isis, 100(4), 792–797.
Acknowledgement
This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation grants REC0106733, DRL0411825, DRL097394084.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Osbeck, L.M., Nersessian, N.J. (2013). Beyond Motivation and Metaphor: ‘Scientific Passions’ and Anthropomorphism. In: Karakostas, V., Dieks, D. (eds) EPSA11 Perspectives and Foundational Problems in Philosophy of Science. The European Philosophy of Science Association Proceedings, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01306-0_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01306-0_37
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-01305-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-01306-0
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawPhilosophy and Religion (R0)