Abstract
Deacon speculates on the origin of interpretation of signs using autocatalytic origin of life models and Peircean terminology. I explain why interpretation evolved only later as a triadic intervention between symbols and actions. In all organisms the passive one-dimensional genetic informational symbol sequences are converted to active functional proteins or nucleic acids by three-dimensional folding. This symbol grounding is a direct symbol-to-action conversion. It is universal throughout all evolution. Folding is entirely a lawful physical process, leaving neither freedom nor necessity for interpretation. Similarly, the initial converse action-to-symbol conversion of sensory inputs also leaves no freedom for interpretation until after the action-to-symbol conversion.
References
Anfinsen, C. B., & Haber, E. (1961). Studies on the reduction and re-formation of protein disulfide bonds. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 236(5), 1361–1363.
Arsène, S., Ameta, S., Lehman, N., Griffiths, A. D., & Nghe, P. (2018). Coupled catabolism and anabolism in autocatalytic RNA sets. Nucleic Acids Research, 46, 9660–9666.
Callaway, E. (2020). ‘It will change everything’: DeepMind’s AI makes gigantic leap in solving protein structures. Nature, 588, 203–204. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03348-4
Deacon, T. (2021). How molecules become signs. Biosemiotics (this issue)
Eigen, M., & Schuster, P. (1982). Stages of emerging life—Five principles of early organization. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 19(1), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02100223
Harnad, S. (1990). The Symbol Grounding Problem. Physica D, 42, 335–346. http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/9906002v1
Hordijk, W., & Steel, M. (2018). Autocatalytic Networks at the Basis of Life’s Origin and Organization. Life (basel), 8(4), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/life8040062
Kauffman, S. A. (2011). Approaches to the Origin of Life on Earth. Life (Basel) 1(1), 34, 48. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/1/1/34
Kornberg A. (1959). The biologic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1959. https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/kornberg-lecture.pdf
Lederberg, J. (1959). A view of genetics. Nobel Lecture, May 29, 1959, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1958/lederberg/lecture/
Li, L., Prywes, N., Tam, C. P., O’Flaherty, D. K., Lelyveld, V. S., Ayan Pal, E. C. I., & Szostak, J. W. (2017). Enhanced Nonenzymatic RNA Copying with 2-Aminoimidazole Activated Nucleotides. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(5), 1810–1813.
Pattee, H. (1965). Experimental approaches to the origin of life problem. In Nord, F. F., (Ed.) Advances in Enzymology, Vol. 27, New York, Wiley & Sons, Interscience Publishers, pp. 381–415. https//www.academia.edu/863878/Experimental_approaches_to_the_origin_of_life_problem.
Pattee, H. (1969). How Does a Molecule Become a Message? In Communication in Development, A. Lang (Ed.), Developmental Biology Supplement 3, 1, 16. New York, Academic Press. https://www.academia.edu/863859/How_does_a_molecule_become_a_message
Pattee, H. (1987). Instabilities and Information in Biological Self-Organization. In Self Organizing Systems, Eugene Yates (Ed.), New York: Plenum Press, pp. 325, 338. https://www.academia.edu/5837134/Instabilities_and_Information_in_Biological_Organization
Pattee, H. (2022). The Primary Biosemiosis: Symbol Sequence Grounding by Folding. In Open Semiotics, Biglari, A. (Ed.) Paris: L’Harmattan (in press). https://www.academia.edu/44551141/The_Primary_Biosemiosis_Symbol_Sequence_Grounding_by_Folding.
Peirce, C. S. (1893). Chapter II: The Categories | NEM 4:309–10; CP 1.339 http://commens.org/dictionary/entry/quote-chapter-ii-categories/image?width=960&height=700
Robertson, M. P., Joyce, G. F. (2014). Highly efficient self-replicating RNA enzymes. Chemical Biology. Feb 20;21(2), 238–245. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074552113004262
Stent, G. S. (1968). That was the molecular biology that was. Science, 160(3826), 390–395.
Tabery, J., Piotrowska, M., & Darden, L. (2021). "Molecular Biology", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (Ed.) https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/molecular-biology/
von Neumann, J. (1966). The Theory of Self-reproducing Automata, A. Burks, (Ed.), Univ. of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL. esp. the Fifth Lecture. http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/862.16/notes/computation/vonNeumann-1966.pdf
Xavier, J. C., Hordijk, W., Kauffman, S., Steel, M., & Martin, W. F. (2020). Autocatalytic chemical networks at the origin of metabolism. The Royal Society. Collection March 11, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2377
Zhang, W., Walton, T., Li, L., & Szostak, J. W. (2018). Crystallographic observation of nonenzymatic RNA primer extension. eLife, 7, e36422. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.36422.001
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pattee, H.H. Symbol Grounding Precedes Interpretation. Biosemiotics 14, 561–568 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-021-09458-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-021-09458-4