Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published online by De Gruyter March 25, 2024

The Doctrine of Sufficiency as a Contractualist Principle

  • Kenneth R. Pike ORCID logo EMAIL logo

Abstract

I argue that Harry Frankfurt’s doctrine of sufficiency, properly understood, presents a plausible alternative to egalitarianism. My position may be more general than Frankfurt’s, insofar as he limits himself to economic sufficiency; on my view, insufficiency is a generic reason for the rejection of principles governing permissible behavior. By situating sufficiency within a contractualist framework of moral permissibility, I provide an alternative to common (and, I think, mistaken) characterizations of the doctrine of sufficiency as either subordinate to equality or primarily concerned with maximizing cases of sufficiency.


Corresponding author: Kenneth R. Pike, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

For their comments on early drafts I thank Peter de Marneffe, Kurt Blankschaen, and several anonymous reviewers. I am also grateful to Elizabeth Anderson for patient and instructive feedback on the conference version of this paper. The Florida Philosophical Association, Mississippi Philosophical Association, and American Philosophical Association all hosted conferences from which my work has benefitted; I extend my appreciation to the event organizers and participants who made that possible.

References

Anderson, E. 1999. “What Is the Point of Equality?” Ethics 109 (2): 287–337. https://doi.org/10.1086/233897.Search in Google Scholar

Anderson, E. 2010. “The Fundamental Disagreement between Luck Egalitarians and Relational Egalitarians.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 36: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2010.10717652.Search in Google Scholar

Arneson, R. 2013. “Egalitarianism.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2013 Edition), edited by E. N. Zalta. Palo Alto: Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2013/entries/egalitarianism/ (accessed February 1, 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Axelsen, D. V., and L. Nielsen. 2015. “Sufficiency as Freedom from Duress.” The Journal of Political Philosophy 23 (4): 406–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12048.Search in Google Scholar

Benbaji, Y. 2005. “The Doctrine of Sufficiency: A Defence.” Utilitas 17 (3): 310–32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820805001676.Search in Google Scholar

Casal, P. 2007. “Why Sufficiency is Not Enough.” Ethics 117 (2): 296–326. https://doi.org/10.1086/510692.Search in Google Scholar

Chalmers, D. J. 2011. “Verbal Disputes.” Philosophical Review 120 (4): 515–66. https://doi.org/10.1215/00318108-1334478.Search in Google Scholar

Crisp, R. 2003. “Equality, Priority, and Compassion.” Ethics 113 (4): 745–63. https://doi.org/10.1086/373954.Search in Google Scholar

Frankfurt, H. 1987. “Equality as a Moral Ideal.” Ethics 98 (1): 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1086/680890.Search in Google Scholar

Frankfurt, H. 2015. Economic Equality as a Moral Ideal. In On Inequality, 3–62. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Herlitz, A. 2019. “The Indispensibility of Sufficientarianism.” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 22 (7): 929–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2018.1479817.Search in Google Scholar

Hirose, I. 2017. Axiological Sufficientarianism. In What is Enough?, 51–68. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199385263.003.0004Search in Google Scholar

Huseby, R. 2010. “Sufficiency: Restated and Defended.” The Journal of Political Philosophy 18 (2): 178–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2009.00338.x.Search in Google Scholar

Nielsen, L. 2017. “Shielding Sufficientarianism from the Shift.” Law, Ethics, and Philosophy 2017 (5): 142–53. https://doi.org/10.31009/LEAP.2017.V5.12.Search in Google Scholar

Nielsen, L. 2018. “What is our Real Concern with Real Inequality?” Policy Studies Journal 46 (3): 553–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12205.Search in Google Scholar

Scanlon, T. M. 1982. “Contractualism and Utilitarianism.” In Utilitarianism and Beyond, edited by Amartya Sen, and Bernard Williams, 103–28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511611964.007Search in Google Scholar

Scanlon, T. M. 1998. What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Scanlon, T. M. 2003a. “Reply to Gauthier and Gibbard.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 66 (1): 176–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2003.tb00252.x.Search in Google Scholar

Scanlon, T. M. 2003b. The Diversity of Objections to Inequality. In The Difficulty of Tolerance: Essays in Political Philosophy, 202–18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511615153.012Search in Google Scholar

Scanlon, T. M. 2018. Why Does Inequality Matter? New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780198812692.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Shields, L. 2012. “The Prospects for Sufficientarianism.” Utilitas 24 (1): 101–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820811000392.Search in Google Scholar

Shields, L. 2016. Just Enough: Sufficiency as a Demand of Justice. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.10.3366/edinburgh/9780748691869.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Shields, L. 2020. “Sufficientarianism.” Philosophy Compass 15 (11): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12704.Search in Google Scholar

Timmer, D. 2021. “Justice, Thresholds, and the Three Claims of Sufficientarianism.” The Journal of Political Philosophy 30 (3): 298–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12258.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2023-07-22
Accepted: 2024-02-09
Published Online: 2024-03-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 12.5.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/mopp-2023-0064/html
Scroll to top button