Conclusion
Homophobia is a real and widespread problem. It results in substantial health and welfare effects. It is a legitimate issue for health and welfare reform not only because it challenges the sincerity of policy makers who talk of human rights and social justice, but because people suffer. While this paper has focused on violence as an extreme of this phenomenon, there are many other health issues that are less well documented (see Table 1) but of considerable importance. Because homophobia is so pervasive and often sanctioned by the state, it is often viewed as the status quo and its health and welfare effects overlooked.
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Plummer, D. Homophobia and health: Unjust, anti-social, harmful and endemic. Health Care Anal 3, 150–156 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02198224
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02198224