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Robert, Richards, “Why Darwin Delayed, or Interesting Problems and Models in the History of Science,” J. Hist. Behav. Sci., 19 (1983), 45–53.
H. Malcolm, Fraser, History of Beekeeping in Britain (London: Bee Research Assoc. 1958).
Robert, Huish, A Treatise on the Natural Economy and Practical Management of Bees (London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1815), p. 1.
The first English edition of Francis Huber's work was published anonymously in Edinburgh in 1806 and a second edition was published in 1821. An edition was also published in London for Thomas Tegg in 1841, under the title Huber's Natural History of the Honey Bee: A New Edition with a Memoir and Appendix. Virtually every author in the field of entomology that followed Huber admittedly relied on him for information on the honey bees. Among Huber's followers were the natural theologians William Kirby and William Spence who exerted much influence on Darwin. In the nineteenth century it would have been impossible to disagree with Prof. A. P. de Candolle, who wrote “... nothing of any importance has been added to the history of bees since [Huber's]time” (cited in William, Dunbar, “Memoir of Huber,” in The Naturalists Library, ed. Sir, William, Jardine, vol. 28 [Edinburgh: W. H. Lizars, 1833], p. 18).
Edward, Bevan, The Honey Bee: Its Natural History, Physiology, and Management (London: John Van Voorst, 1838). This text was widely accepted and became a standard English work on beekeeping for quite some time. Laudatory reviews appeared in the Entomological Magazine in 1835 (24 270–276), Annals of Natural History in 1839 (2: 283), and the Magazine of Natural History in 1838 (11: 550–552). Of course, Bevan included Huber's findings in his text in addition to some original discoveries.
C. T. E., von, Siebold, On a True Parthenogenesis in Moths and Bees, trans. W. S. Dallas (London: J. van Voorst, 1857).
Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; Being the Second Part of His Big Species Book, ed. R. C., Stauffer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976). This text, written from 1856 to 1859, and from which the Origin was abstracted, was to be the formal, definitive statement of Darwin's views on evolution.
Peter, Vorzimmer, “The Darwin Reading Notebooks (1838 to 1860),” J. Hist. Biol., 10 (1977): 107–153.
William, Kirby and William, Spence, An Introduction to Entomology, vols. 4 (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1815–1826).
J. O., Westwood, An Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects (London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1840).
These journals were the Magazine of Natural History, Magazine of Zoology and Botany, Annals of Natural History, and Annals and Magazine of Natural History. A detailed review of von Siebold's text on parthenogenesis appeared in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20 (1857): 48–50.
Johan Dzierzon, Theorie und Praxis des Neuen Bienenfreundes (Leipzig: by the Author, 1848).
These letters, written to Charles Darwin by George Waterhouse from April 14, 1857, to August 2, 1858, as well as all original letters hereafter cited, are held in the Manuscripts Room of the Cambridge University Library. This group of letters are in container book (hereafter referred to as DAR) 181; they include letter numbers 2078, 2213, 2216, 2230, and 2258 as listed in A Calendar of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, 1821–1882, ed. F. Burkhardt and S. Smith (New York: Garland, 1985), hereafter referred to as CCD.
Charles, Darwin, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, a Facsimile of the First Edition (Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 1964), p. 236.
Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; Being the Second Part of His Big Species Book, ed. R. C., Stauffer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976). p. 467.
Ibid., p. 490
Charles, Darwin, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, a Facsimile of the First Edition (Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 1964), p. 225.
Ibid., p. 235.
The unbelievable litany of differences between the worker and queen honey bees is eloquently described by Kirby and Spence in Introduction to Entomology, vol. II (1817), pp. 131–133. Darwin had read this text carefully, judging from his notes and marginalia.
Charles, Darwin, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, a Facsimile of the First Edition (Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 1964), pp. 365–366.
Ibid., p. 367.
Ibid., p. 365.
Ibid.
Charles, Darwin, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, a Facsimile of the First Edition (Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 1964), pp. 234–235.
See, for example, Robert, Richards, “Instinct and intelligence in British Natural Theology: Some Contributions to Darwin's Theory of the Evolution of Behavior,” J. Hist. Biol., 14 (1981), 193–230.
DAR 114:225, CCD 2222.
DAR 114:225, CCD 2228.
This entry was made in Darwin's pocket diary; cited in Stauffer, Charles Darwin's Natural Selection, p. 463.
DAR 114:231, CCD 2254.
“... it might be objected to my theory that the contact with other cells is not a necessary condition to produce angular cells — I am ready to fight this point out — I ought here to say that if the word ‘not’ is left out in the above underlined sentence, that sentence gives the pith & marrow of my theory” (George Water-house to Charles Darwin, April 17, 1858; DAR 181, CCD 2258). The second letter from Waterhouse is dated May 3, 1858; DAR 181, CCD 2317.
These letters were written to W. E. Darwin in May 1858; they are all in DAR 210.6 (CCD 2266, 2267, and 2268, respectively).
See, for instance, CCD 2272, 2278, 2283, 2287, 2317, and 2399.
DAR 146, CCD 2391.
George, Romanes, The Life and Letters of George John Romanes, ed. E., Romanes (London: Longmans, Green, 1896), p. 72; cited in Stauffer, Charles Darwin's Natural Selection, p. 464.
Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; Bein the Second Part of His Big Species Book, ed. R. C., Stauffer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976). This text, written from 1856 to 1859, and from which the Origin was abstracted, was to be the formal, definitive statement of Darwin's views on evolution. p. 517.
Ibid.
Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; Being the Second Part of His Big Species Book, ed. R. C., Stauffer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976). This text, written from 1856 to 1859, and from which the Origin was abstracted, was to be the formal, definitive statement of Darwin's views on evolution. pp 512–513.
Darwin was well aware of the transforming properties of royal jelly, as evidenced by a fascinating four-page manuscript he wrote in June 1848, part of which reads as follows: “How then have the neuters of the several species of Ants and Termites acquired their different structures and instincts, as they never breed & even when converted into Queens by special food this takes place in earliest growth” (transcribed in Richards, “Instinct and intelligence” [above, n. 25], p. 220).
Charles, E. Brown-Séquard, “Des effets produits chez l'homme par des injections sous-cutanées d'un liquide retiré des testicules frais de cobaye et de chien,” Comp. Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 41 (n.s., vol. 1) (1889), 517.
“Lamarck ... has done the subject harm, as has Mr. Vestiges” (from The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, ed. F., Darwin, vol. I [New York: Appleton, 1887], p. 399).
Marius, Tausk, Organon. De geschiedenis van een byzondere Nederlands onderneming (Nijmegen: Dekker and Van der Vegt, 1978), pp. 242.
Edward, Bevan, A letter written to Westwood, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19 (1847), 59.
J. B., Lamarck, Zoological Philosophy, trans. H. Elliot (New York: Hafner, 1953), pp. 106–109.
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Prete, F.R. The conundrum of the honey bees: One impediment to the publication of Darwin's theory. J Hist Biol 23, 271–290 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00141472
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00141472