Abstract
The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, MA provided opportunities for women to conduct research in the late 19th and early 20th century at a time when many barriers existed to their pursuit of a scientific career. One woman who benefited from the welcoming environment at the MBL was Mary Jane Hogue. Her remarkable career as an experimental biologist spanned over 55 years. Hogue was born into a Quaker family in 1883 and received her undergraduate degree from Goucher College. She went to Germany to obtain an advanced degree, and her research at the University of Würzburg with Theodor Boveri resulted in her Ph.D. (1909). Although her research interests included experimental embryology, and the use of tissue culture to study a variety of cell types, she is considered foremost a protozoologist. Her extraordinary demonstration of chromidia (multiple fission) in the life history of a new species of Flabellula associated with diseased oyster beds is as important as it is ignored. We discuss Hogue’s career path and her science to highlight the importance of an informal network of teachers, research advisors, and other women scientists at the MBL all of whom contributed to her success as a woman scientist.
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Hogue’s Scientific Publications (Peer-reviewed)
Tennent, D.H., and Hogue, M.J. 1906. “Studies on the Development of the Starfish Egg.” Journal of Experimental Zoology 3: 517–541.
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Boveri, T., and Hogue, M.J. 1909. “Über die Möglichkeit, Ascaris-Eier zur Teilung in zwei gleichwertige Blastomeren zu veranlassen.” Sitz-Ber d phys-med Ges WÜrzburg 1909: 44–48.
Hogue, M.J. 1910. “Über die Wirkung der Centrifugalkraft auf die Eier von Ascaris megalocephala.” Archiv fÜr Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen. 29: 109–145.
Hogue, M.J. 1914. “Studies in the Life History of an Amoeba of the Limax Group, Vahlkampfia calkensi.” Archiv für Protistenkunde 35: 154–163.
Hogue, M.J. 1917. “The Effect of Media of Different Densities on the Shape of Amoebae.” Journal of Experimental Zoology 22: 565–572.
Hogue, M.J. 1919. “The Effect of Hypotonic and Hypertonic Solutions on Fibroblasts of the Embryonic Chick Heart in Vitro.” Journal of Experimental Medicine 30: 617–648.
Hogue, M.J. 1921a. “Waskia intestinalis: Its Cultivation and Cyst Formation.” Journal of American Medical Association 77: 112–113.
Hogue, M.J. 1921b. “The Cultivation of Trichomonas hominis.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine 1: 211–214.
Hogue, M.J. 1921c. “Studies on the Life History of Vahlkampfia patuxent N. Sp., Parasitic in the Oyster, with Experiments Regarding Its Pathogenicity.” American Journal of Hygiene 1: 321345.
Hogue, M.J. 1922a. “A Comparison of an Amoeba, Vahlkampfia patuxent, with Tissue-Culture Cells.” Journal of Experimental Zoology 35: 1–11.
Hogue, M.J. 1922b. “Spirochaeta eurygyrata. A Note on Its Life History and Cultivation.” Journal of Experimental Medicine 36: 617–626.
Hogue, M.J. 1922c. “A study of Trichomonas hominis, Its Cultivation, Its Inoculation into Animals and Its Staining Reaction to Vital Dyes.” Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin 33: 437–444.
Hogue, M.J, and Van Winkle, C. 1923. “The Effect of Carbon Tetracholoride on Intestinal Protozoa.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine 3: 197–202.
Hogue, M.J. 1923. “Contractile Vacuoles in Amoebae – Factors Influencing Their Formation and Rate of Contraction.” The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 39: 49–55.
Hogue, M.J. 1926a. “Staining Protozoa with Janus Green B.” Stain Tech 1: 35–36.
Hogue, M.J. 1926b. “Studies on Trichomonas buccalis.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine 6: 75–89.
Hogue, M.J. 1927. “Trichomonas in Urine.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine 7: 327–330.
Hogue, M.J. 1928a. “The Effect of Bacilus pyocyaneus on Cultures of Trichomonas hominis.” American Journal of Hygiene 8: 85–88.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1931. “Studies Made by Means of Microdissection on Skeletal Muscle Grown in Tissue Culture.” Arch exper Zellforschg 11: 304.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1928b. “Trichomonas in Tissue Cultures.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine 8: 325–337.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1932a. “The Effect of Four Amoebicidal Drugs on the Tissues of the Digestive Tract Grown In Vitro.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine 12: 149–171.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1932b. “The Reaction of Tissue-Culture Cells to Barium (X-ray) Sulphate.” Anatomical Record 54: 307–323.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1933. “A New Variety of Retortamonas (Embadomonas) intestinalis from Man.” American Journal of Hygiene 18: 433–441.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1934. “Studies on Skeletal Muscle Grown in Tissue Cultures.” Arch exper Zellforschg 16: 167–186.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1934. “Further Studies on the Effect of Amoebicidal Drugs on Tissue Culture Cells (Arsenious Trithio Salicylic Acid, Carbarsone, Kurchi Bismuth Iodide, Proparsamide, Vioform).” American Journal of Tropical Medicine 14: 443–456.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1936. “Four Races of Retortamonas (Embadomonas) intestinalis.” American Journal of Hygiene 23: 80–84.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1937a. “Studies of Heart Muscle in Tissue Cultures.” Anatomical Record 67: 521–535.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1937b. “Notes on Culturing Certain Protozoa and a Spirochaete Found in Man.” P.S. Galtsoff, F.E. Lutz, P.S. Welch, and J.G. Needham (eds.), Culture Methods for Invertebrate Animals. Ithaca: Comstock Publishing Co., pp. 65–68.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1938. “Studies on Cardiac Muscle Cells, from Chick Embryos, Grown in Tissue Culture.” Anatomical Record 70: 441–449.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1938a. “The Effect of Trichomonas foetus on Tissue Culture Cells.” American Journal of Hygiene 28: 288–298.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1939. “Infection of Trichomonas foetus in Chick Embryos and Young Chicks.” American Journal of Hygiene 30: 65–67.
Hogue, M.J., and de Rényi, G.S. 1939. “Giant Muscle Cells in Tissue Cultures.” Arch exp Zellforsch 23: 122–124.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1943a. “The Effect of Trichomonas vaginalis on Tissue-Culture Cells.” American Journal of Hygiene 37: 142–152.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1944. “The Behavior of Trichomonas vaginalis in a Semi-Solid Medium.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine 24: 255–258.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1946. “Tissue Cultures of the Brain. Intercellular Granules.” The Journal of Comparative Neurology 85: 519–530.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1947a. “The Behavior of Trichomonas vaginalis in Tissue Cultures: A Movie.” Journal of Parasitology 33: 199–200.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1947b. “Human Fetal Brain Cells in Tissue Cultures: Their Identification and Motility.” Journal of Experimental Zoology 106: 85–107.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1947c. “Human Fetal Ependymal Cells in Tissue Cultures.” Anatomical Record 99: 523–529.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1947d. “Intercalated Disks in Tissue Cultures.” Anatomical Record 99: 157–162.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1949a. “Human Fetal Choroid Plexus Cells in Tissue Cultures.” Anatomical Record 103: 381–399.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1949b. “A Method for Preventing Moisture Condensation During Photography of Tissue Cultures in Hanging Drops.” Science 110: 188–189.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1950. “Brain Cells from Human Fetuses and Infants, Cultured In Vitro After Death of the Individuals.” Anatomical Record 108: 457–475.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1952a. “Nuclear Activities of Human Fetal Brain Cells in Tissue Cultures.” Experimental Cell Research 3: 360–366.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1952b. “Review of Studies of Human Fetal Brain Cells in Tissue Cultures.” Études NÉo-Natales 1: 1–13.
de Rényi, G.S., and Hogue, M.J. 1953. “A Study of Adult Human Brain Cells Grown in Tissue Cultures.” American Journal of Anatomy 93: 397–427.
Rubin, A., Springer, G.F., and Hogue, M.J. 1954. “The Effect of Deuterium Glucosamine Hydrochloride and Related Compounds on Tissue Cultures of the Solid Form of Mouse Sarcoma 37.” Cancer Research 14: 456–458.
Hogue, M.J., McAllister, R., Greene, A.E., and Coriell, L.L. 1955. “The Effect of Poliomyelitis Virus on Human Brain Cells in Tissue Culture.” Journal of Experimental Medicine 102: 29–36.
Hogue, M.J., and Rubin, A. 1955. “Studies on the Solid Form of Mouse Sarcoma 37 Grown in Tissue Culture.” Cancer Research 15: 462–463.
Hogue, M.J., McAllister, R., Greene, A.E., and Coriell, L.L. 1958. “A Comparative Study of the Effect of the Poliomyelitis Virus Types 1, 2, and 3 on Human Brain Cells Grown in Tissue Culture.” American Journal of Hygiene 67: 267–275.
Hogue’s Publications in the Goucher Alumnae Quarterly
Hogue, M.J. 1925. “To the Older Alumnae.” Goucher Alumnae Quarterly 5(1): 17–21.
Hogue, M.J. 1926c. “Woods Hole.” Goucher Alumnae Quarterly 5(4): 17–19.
Hogue, M.J. 1929. “Margaret Reed Lewis.” Goucher Alumnae Quarterly 7(3): 49–52.
Hogue, M.J. 1938b. “Birthday Party.” Goucher Alumnae Quarterly 17(1): 19–21.
Hogue, M.J. 1940. “Maynard Mayo Metcalf.” Goucher Alumnae Quarterly 18(3): 28–29.
Hogue, M.J. 1943b. “The New Alumnae Trustee.” Goucher Alumnae Quarterly 22(1): 5.
Hogue, M.J. 1951. “The Contribution of Goucher Women to the Biological Sciences.” Goucher Alumnae Quarterly 29(4): 13–22.
Peebles, F., and Hogue, M.J. 1934. “An Appreciation of Dr. Metcalf.” Goucher Alumnae Quarterly 12(2): 16.
Acknowledgements
We thank the late Lynn Margulis for her encouragement and enthusiasm for this manuscript and her willingness to review an earlier version. She was a self-proclaimed “Hogue fan, chromidia investigator and propagule-seeker” and we will miss her dearly. We also would like to thank John F. Alderete and Patricia Johnson for their comments on Hogue’s T. vaginalis research. We appreciate the aid we received from librarians at the many institutions with which Hogue was associated. We are particularly grateful to Helena Warburg, Head of the Schow Science Library and Alison O’Grady, Interlibrary Loan Supervisor at Williams College for their help and patience during the preparation of this manuscript. We are also indebted to Miss Marion Strode, Assistant Librarian of the Chester County Historical Society, West Chester, PA; Christiane Groeben, Curator of Historical Archives and the History of Science Unit at the Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn,” Napoli; Crawford Keenan, The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Sydney Roby, Special Collections Librarian, Goucher College, Baltimore; Guenther E. Roth, Freie Universität, Berlin and Diane M. Rielinger, Co-Director of the MBLWHOI Library, Woods Hole, MA.
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Zottoli, S.J., Seyfarth, EA. The Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole) and the Scientific Advancement of Women in the Early 20th Century: The Example of Mary Jane Hogue (1883–1962). J Hist Biol 48, 137–167 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-014-9384-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-014-9384-1