Skip to main content

Poor People, Poor Planet: The Psychology of How We Harm and Heal Humanity and Earth

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Toward a Socially Responsible Psychology for a Global Era

Part of the book series: International and Cultural Psychology ((ICUP))

Abstract

Right now millions of desperately impoverished people are starving in Africa, Asia, and other lands as climate change has accelerated drought and depletion of their water resources, land quality, and access to basics for survival. Right now thousands more find themselves displaced from their homes after severe storms, raging rivers, or rising seas have devastated their communities or wildfires have burned their lands, destroying their houses, crops, and livelihoods. Right now extreme heat waves are testing both the mental and physical health of the most vulnerable among us, including the malnourished, the elderly, the young, and the isolated.

Poverty is… Pretending you forgot your lunch, being teased for the way you are dressed, feeling ashamed when Dad can’t get a job, not getting a hot dog on hot dog day, being afraid to tell your Mom that you need gym shoes, not getting to go to birthday parties, not buying books at the book fair.” (Grade 7 children, North Bay, Ontario, Canada. Interfaith Social Assistance Reform Coalition, 1998).

Anthony Marsella (2008)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    The United States has one of the greatest levels of inequality of any “developed” nation, and recent measures of U.S. income inequality show that top wage earners increased their incomes about four times more than middle-income earners between 1979 and 2007 (Stone et al. 2012).

References

  • Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. New York: Crown Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amel, E. L., Manning, C. M., & Scott, B. A. (2009). Mindfulness and sustainable behavior: Pondering attention and awareness as means for increasing green behavior. Ecopsychology, 1, 14–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antonio, R. J., & Brulle, R. J. (2011). The unbearable lightness of politics: Climate change denial and political polarizations. The Sociological Quarterly, 52, 195–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aram, A. (2011). The fallacy of balance in communicating climate change. Media Development, 4, 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aras, G., & Crowther, D. (2008). The social obligation of corporations. Journal of Knowledge Globalization, 1, 43–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, J., & Adger, W. N. (2009). Climate change, human security, and violent conflict. Political Geography, 26, 639–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnosky, A. D., Hadly, E. A., Bascompte, J., Berlow, E. L., Brown, J. H., Forelius, M., et al. (2012). Approaching a state shift in Earth’s Biosphere. Nature, 486, 52–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhola, H. S. (2006). Adult and lifelong education for poverty reduction: A critical analysis of contexts and conditions. Review of Education, 52, 231–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boushey, H., Fremstad, S., Gragg, R., & Waller, M. (2007). Understanding low-wage work in the United States. Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research. Retrieved from http://www.cepr.net/index.php/publications/reports/understanding-low-wage-work-in-the-united-states/

  • Brown, A. (2010). Requiem for stability: Impact of the global financial crisis on the world’s working poor. International Planning Studies, 15, 175–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brulle, R. J., & Young, L. E. (2007). Advertising, individual consumption levels, and the natural environment, 1900–2000. Sociological Inquiry, 77, 522–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campaign for a Commercial Free Childhood (2012). Kids and screens. Boston. Retrieved from http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/factsheets/screentime.pdf

  • Cassils, J. A. (2004). Overpopulation, sustainable development, and security: Developing an integrated strategy. Population and Environment, 25, 171–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cialdini, R. B. (2001). Influence: Science and practice. Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, S., & Myers, G. (2009). Conservation psychology: Understanding and promoting human care for nature. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crompton, T., & Kasser, T. (2009). Meeting environmental challenges: The role of human identity. Godalming: World Wildlife Foundation-United Kingdom. Retrieved from http://www.wwf.org.uk/wwf_articles.cfm?unewsid=3105

  • Dauvergne, P. (2010). The problem of consumption. Global Environmental Politics, 10, 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, P., Aarts, H., & Midden, C. J. H. (2011). Changing simple energy-related consumer behaviors: How the enactment of intentions is thwarted by acting and non-acting habits. Environment and Behavior, 43, 612–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dell, M., Jones, B. F., & Olken, B. A. (2012). Temperature shocks and economic growth: Evidence from the last half century. American Economic Journal Macroeconomics, 4, 66–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, J. (2005). Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed. New York: Viking.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doherty, T. J., & Clayton, S. (2011). The psychological impacts of global climate change. American Psychologist, 66, 265–276.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunham, Y., & Degner, J. (2010). Origins of intergroup bias: Developmental and social cognitive research in intergroup attitudes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 563–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, S. (2010). Essential, not optional: Education for sustainability in early childhood centres. Exchange: The Early Childhood Leaders’ Magazine Since 1978, 192, 34–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etkin, D., & Ho, E. (2007). Climate change: Perceptions and discourses of risk. Journal of Risk Research, 10, 623–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farias, C., & Farias, G. (2010). Cycles of poverty and consumption: The sustainability dilemma. Competitiveness Review, 20, 248–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernando, H. J. S., Klaić, Z. B., & McCulley, J. L. (Eds.). (2012). National security and the human health implications of climate change. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gifford, R. (2011). The dragons of inaction: Psychological barriers that limit climate change mitigation and adaptation. American Psychologist, 66, 290–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gowdy, J. M. (2008). Behavioral economics and climate change policy. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 68, 632–644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, G. (2012). Ecosystem services come to town: Greening cities by working with nature. Oxford: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hackman, D. A., & Farah, M. J. (2008). Socioeconomic status and the developing brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 65–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, S. (2012). Cultivating the grassroots: A winning approach for environment and climate funders. National Committee for Responsible Philanthropy. Retrieved from http://www.ncrp.org/paib/environment-climate-philanthropy

  • Heinberg, R. (2011). The end of growth: Adapting to our new economic reality. Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helm, D. (2008). Climate-change policy: Why has so little been achieved? Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 24, 211–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ihlen, Ø. (2009). Business and climate change: The climate response of the world’s 30 largest corporations. Environmental Communication, 3, 244–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Institute of Medicine. (1999). Toward environmental justice: Research, education, and health policy needs. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007). IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate change 2007. Retrieved from http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtml#1

  • Jackson, T. (2009). Prosperity without growth: Economics for a finite planet. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallis, G. (2011). In defense of degrowth. Ecological Economics, 70, 873–880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasser, T. (2002). The high price of materialism. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, S. (2009). Poverty reduction efforts: Does microcredit help? Sais Review, 24, 147–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S.-H., Carvalho, J. P., & Davis, A. G. (2010). Talking about poverty: News framing of who is responsible for causing and fixing the problem. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 87, 563–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klare, M. T. (2012). The race for what’s left: The global scramble for the world’s last resources. New York: Metropolitan Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, F. E. (2001). Coping with poverty: Impacts of environment and attention in the inner city. Environment and Behavior, 33, 5–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latouche, S. (2010). Degrowth. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, 519–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Roser-Renouf, C., & Smith, N. (2011). Global warming’s six Americas, May 2011. New Haven: Yale University and George Mason University. Yale Project on Climate Change Communication. Retrieved from http://environment.yale.edu/climate/files/SixAmericasMay2011.pdf

  • Leventhal, T., & Dupéré, V. (2011). Moving to opportunity: Does long-term exposure to “low-poverty” neighborhoods make a difference for adolescents? Social Science and Medicine, 73, 737–743.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madeley, J. (2008). Big business, poor peoples: How transnational corporations damage the world’s poor (2nd ed.). London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Málovics, G., Cisgéné, N. N., & Kraus, S. (2008). The role of corporate social responsibility in strong sustainability. Journal of Socio-Economics, 37, 907–918.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markham, V. D. (2008). U.S. population, energy and climate change. New Canaan: Center for Environment and Population. Retrieved from www.cepnet.org/…/US-Population-Energy-Climate_Change2009.pdf

  • Markowitz, E. M., & Shariff, A. F. (2012). Climate change and moral judgment. Nature Climate Change, 2, 243–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsella, A.J. (2008). Poverty, human rights, and psychology: Challenges, opportunities, and responsibilities. Invited Address, United Nations Symposium on Social Justice and Psychology. New York, November 20, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez-Alier, J., Pascual, U., Vivien, F.-D., & Zaccai, E. (2010). Sustainable de-growth: Mapping the context, criticisms and future prospects of an emergent paradigm. Ecological Economics, 69, 1741–1747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie-Mohr, D., & Smith, W. (1999). Fostering sustainable development. An introduction to community-based social marketing. Canadá: New Society Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre-Mills, J. (2011). Wellbeing, mindfulness, and the global commons. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 17, 47–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, K. (2003). Educating the national citizen in neoliberal times: From the multicultural self to the strategic cosmopolitan. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 28, 387–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mont, O., & Power, K. (2010). The role of formal and informal forces in shaping consumption and implication for a sustainable society: Part I. Sustainability, 2, 2232–2252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom, E. (2012). Nested externalities and polycentric institutions: Must we wait for global solutions to climate change before taking actions at other scales? Economic Theory, 49, 353–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phelan, L., McGee, J., & Gordon, R. (2012). Cooperative governance: One pathway to a stable- state economy. Environmental Politics, 21, 412–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, N., & Sakamoto, L. (2012). Global production networks, chronic poverty, and ‘slave labour’ in Brazil. Studies in Comparative International Development, 47, 287–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pick, S., & Sirkin, J. (2010). Breaking the poverty cycle: The human basis for sustainable development. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rees, W. E. (2002). An ecological economics perspective on sustainability and prospects for ending poverty. Population and Environment, 24, 15–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, B., Povich, D., & Mather, M. (2010). Overlooked and underpaid: Number of low- income working families increases to 10.2 million. Washington, DC: The Working Poor Families Project. Retrieved from http://www.workingpoorfamilies.org/pdfs/Overlooked_Dec2011.pdf

  • Rothwell, J. (2012). Housing costs, zoning, and access to high-scoring schools. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2012/04/19-school-inequality-rothwell

  • Rubin, J. (2009). Why your world is about to get a whole lot smaller: Oil and the end of globalization. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, A., Greenstein, R., & Ruffing, K. (2012). Contrary to “entitlement society” rhetoric, over nine-tenths of entitlement benefits go to elderly, disabled, or working households. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3677

  • Shumba, A. (2010). Resilience in children of poverty. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 20, 211–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soleymani, M. (2010). The heavy price of globalization: Globalization and sustainable development. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 9, 101–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Squires, G. D., & Kubrin, C. E. (2005). Privileged places: Race, uneven development and the geography of opportunity in urban America. Urban Studies, 42, 47–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton, E. A., Ackerman, F., & Sheeran, K. A. (2010). Why do state emissions differ so widely? Portland: Economics for Equity and Environment. Retrieved from http://www.e3network.org/papers/Why_do_state_emissions_differ_so_widely.pdf.

  • Stern, P. C. (2011). Contributions of psychology to limiting climate change. American Psychologist, 66, 303–314.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stiglitz, J. E. (2012). The price of inequality: How today’s divided society endangers our future. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, C., Shaw, H., Trisis, D., & Sherman, A. (2012). A guide to statistics on historical trends in income inequality. Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3629

  • Sukhdev, P. (2012). Sustainability: The corporate climate overhaul. Nature, 486, 27–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swim, J. K., Clayton, S., & Howard, G. S. (2011). Human behavioral contributions to climate change. American Psychologist, 66, 251–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swim, J., Clayton, S., Doherty, T., Gifford, R., Howard, G., Reser, J., et al. (2009). Psychology and global climate change: Addressing a multifaceted phenomenon and set of challenges. A report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on the interface between global climate change and psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/science/about/publications/climate-change.aspx.

  • Tebaldi, E., & Mohan, R. (2010). Institutions and poverty. Journal of Development Studies, 46, 1047–1066.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau (2011). Custodial mothers and fathers and their child support: 2009. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p60-240.pdf

  • Walker, S. P., Wachs, T. D., Grantham-McGregor, S., Black, M. M., Nelson, C. A., Huffman, S. L., et al. (2011). Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors in early childhood development. The Lancet, 378, 1325–1338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, M., & Shulman, H. (2008). Toward Psychologies of liberation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B., Osborne, D., & Rudolph, U. (2011). An attributional analysis of reactions to poverty: The political ideology of the giver and the perceived morality of the receiver. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 199–213.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wheaton, L., Giannarelli, L., Martinez-Schiferl, M., & Zedlewski, S. (2011). How do states’ safety net policies affect poverty? Washington, DC: The Urban Institute. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412398-How-Do-State-Safety-Net-Policies-Affect-Poverty.pdf

  • Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2009). The spirit level: Why greater equality makes societies stronger. New York: Bloomsbury Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2012). World Bank sees progress against extreme poverty, but flags vulnerabilities. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/2012/02/29/world-bank-sees-progress-against-extreme-poverty-but-flags-vulnerabilities

  • Zeanah, C. H. (2009). The importance of early experiences: Clinical, research, and policy perspectives. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 14, 266–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven Shapiro .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shapiro, S. (2014). Poor People, Poor Planet: The Psychology of How We Harm and Heal Humanity and Earth. In: Mustakova-Possardt, E., Lyubansky, M., Basseches, M., Oxenberg, J. (eds) Toward a Socially Responsible Psychology for a Global Era. International and Cultural Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7391-6_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics