References
Abbott, Barbara. 1976, ‘Right Node Raising as a Test for Constituenthood’,Linguistic Inquiry 7, 639–642.
Ades, Anthony E. and Mark J. Steedman: 1982, ‘On the Order of Words’,Linguistics and Philosophy 4, 517–558.
Ajdukiewicz, Kazimierz: 1935, ‘Die syntaktische Konnexität’,Studia Philosophica 1, 1–27. English translation in Storrs McCall (ed.),Polish Logic 1920–1939, Oxford. University Press, pp. 207–231.
Aoun, Joseph, Norbert Hornstein, David Lightfoot and Amy Weinberg: 1987, ‘Two Types of Locality’,Linguistic Inquiry 18, 537–578.
Bach, Emmon and Barbara Partee: 1980, ‘Anaphora and Semantic Structure’, inPapers from the Parasession on Pronouns and Anaphora, Tenth Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society, CLS, Chicago.
Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua: 1953, ‘A Quasi-arithmetical Notation for Syntactic Description’,Language 29, 47–58.
van Benthem, Johan: 1986,Essays in Logical Semantics, Reidel, Dordrecht.
Bouma, Gosse: 1986, ‘Warlpiri Wildness’, manuscript. Rijksuniversiteit, Gröningen.
Bouma, Gosse: 1987, ‘A Unification-based Analysis of Unbounded Dependencies in Categorial Grammar’, in J. Groenendijk, M. Stokhof and F. Veltman (eds.),Proceedings of the 6th Amsterdam Colloquium, Foris, Dordrecht.
Chao, Wynn: 1987,On ellipsis, Ph.D dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.
Chomsky, Noam: 1957,Syntactic Structures, Mouton, The Hague.
Chomsky, Noam: 1970, ‘Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Semantic Interpretation’, in D. Steinberg and L. Jakobovits (eds.),Semantics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1971 pp. 183–216.
Chomsky, Noam: 1976, ‘Conditions on Rules of Grammar’,Linguistic Analysis 2, 303–351.
Chomsky, Noam: 1982,Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and Binding, MIT Press, Cambridge MA.
Cooper, Kathrin: 1988,Word Order in Bare Infinitival Complements in Swiss German, M.Sc dissertation, University of Edinburgh.
Cremers, Crit: 1983, ‘On the Form and Interpretation of Ellipsis’, in Alice ter Meulen (ed.),Studies in Modeltheoretic Semantics, Foris, Dordrecht, pp. 145–160.
Curry, Haskell B. and Robert Feys: 1958,Combinatory Logic: Vol I, North Holland, Amsterdam.
Dowly, David: 1988, ‘Type-raising, Functional Composition, and Nonconstituent Coordination’, paper to the Conference on Categorial Grammar, Tucson, AR, June 1985, in Richard T. Oehrle, E. Bach and D. Wheeler (eds.),Categorial Grammars and Natural Language Structures, Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 153–98.
Gazdar, Gerald: 1981, ‘Unbounded Dependencies and Coordinate Structure’,Linguistic Inquiry 12, 155–184.
Gazdar, Gerald: 1988, ‘Applicability of Indexed Grammars to Natural Languages’, in Uwe Reyle and C. Rohrer (eds.),Natural Language Parsing and Linguistic Theories, Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 69–94.
Gazdar, Gerald, Ewan Klein, Ivan A. Sag, and Geoffrey K. Pullum: 1985,Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar, Blackwell, Oxford.
Geach, Peter T: 1972, ‘A Program for Syntax’, in Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman,Semantics of Natural Language, Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 483–497.
Gleitman, Lila: 1965, ‘Coordinating Conjunctions in English’,Language 41, 260–293.
Goodall, Grant: 1987,Parallel Structures in Syntax, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Greenberg, Joseph: 1963,Universals of Language, MIT Press, Cambridge.
Haddock, Nick, 1987, ‘Incremental Interpretation and Combinatory Categorial Grammar’,Proceedings of the 10th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Milan, pp. 661–663.
Haegeman, Liliane and Henk van Riemsdijk: 1986, ‘Verb Projection Raising, Scope and the Typology of Rules Affecting Verbs’,Linguistic Inquiry 17, 417–466.
Hajičová, Eva, and Petr Sgall: 1987, ‘The Ordering Principle’,Journal of Pragmatics 11, 435–454.
Hajičová, Eva and Petr Sgall: 1988, ‘Topic and Focus of a Sentence and the Patterning of a Text’, in János Petöfi (ed.),Text and Discourse Constitution, De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 70–96.
Halliday, M. A. K: 1967, ‘Notes on Transitivity and Theme, II’,Journal of Linguistics 3, 199–244.
Hankamer, Jorge: 1971,Constraints on Deletion in Syntax, Ph.D dissertation, Yale.
Hankamer, Jorge, and Ivan Sag: 1976, ‘Deep and Surface Anaphora’,Linguistic Inquiry 7, 391–428.
Hausser, Roland: 1986,NEWCAT, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Hepple, Mark: 1987, ‘Methods for Parsing Combinatory Grammars and the Spurious Ambiguity Problem’, unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh.
Hepple, Mark: 1989, in preparation, ‘Islands and Extraction in Categorial Grammar’, manuscript, University of Edinburgh.
Hepple, Mark and Glyn Morrill: 1989, ‘Parsing and Derivational Equivalence’,Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the European Association for Computational Linguistics, Manchester, April 1989, 10–18.
Hoehle, Tilman: 1983, ‘Subjektlücken in Koordinationen’, manuscript. (incomplete reference).
Hoeksema, Jack: 1989,A Categorial Theory of Reanalysis Phenomena, manuscript., University of Pennsylvania.
Hudson, Richard: 1984,Word Grammar, Blackwell, Oxford.
Jackendoff, Ray: 1971, ‘Gapping and Related Rules’,Linguistic Inquiry 2, 21–35.
Jackendoff, Ray: 1972,Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar, MIT Press, Cambridge MA.
Jacobson, Pauline: 1989, ‘Raising as Function Composition’, manuscript., Brown University, Providence RI.
Joshi, Aravind: 1987, ‘The Convergence of Mildly Context-sensitive Formalisms’, Paper to CSLI Workshop on Processing of Linguistic Structure, Santa Cruz, Jan 1987, manuscript, U. Pennsylvania.
Kang, Beom-Mo: 1988,Functional Inheritance, Anaphora and Semantic Interpretation in a Generalised Categorial Grammar, Ph.D Thesis, Brown University, Providence RI.
Karttunen, Lauri: 1986, ‘Radical Lexicalism’, in Mark Baltin and T. Kroch (eds.),New Conceptions of Phrase Structure, Chicago, University Press, 43–65, in press.
Kay, Martin: 1980, ‘Algorithm Schemata and Data Structures in Syntactic Processing’, Technical Report No. CSL-8012, XEROX Palo Alto Research Centre.
Kuno, Susumo: 1976, ‘Gapping: a Functional Analysis’,Linguistic Inquiry 7, 300–318.
Lambek, Joachim: 1958, ‘The Mathematics of Sentence Structure’,American Mathematical Monthly 65, 154–170.
Lambek, Joachim: 1961, ‘On the Calculus of Syntactic Types’,Structure of Language and its Mathematical Aspects, Proceedings of the Symposia in Applied Mathematics,XII, American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island, pp. 166–178.
Langendoen, D. Terence: 1975, ‘Acceptable Conclusions from Unacceptable Ambiguities’, in D. Cohen and J. R. Wirth (eds.),Testing Linguistic Hypotheses, Washington DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corp., pp. 111–127.
Lewis, Charlton T. and Charles Short: 1879,A Latin Dictionary, Oxford University Press.
Maling, Joan M: 1972, ‘On Gapping and the Order of Constituents’,Linguistic Inquiry 3, 101–108.
Mallinson, Graham and Barry Blake: 1981,Language Typology, North Holland, Amsterdam.
Moore, Robert: 1989, ‘Unification-based Semantic Interpretation’,Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the ACL, Vancouver, pp. 33–41.
Moortgat, Michael: 1988a, ‘Mixed Composition and Discontinuous Dependencies’, paper to the Conference on Categorial Grammar, Tucson, AR, June 1985, in Richard T. Oehrle, E. Bach and D. Wheeler (eds),Categorial Grammars and Natural Language Structures, Reidel, Dordrecht, (in press).
Moortgat, Michael: 1988b,Categorial Investigations, Ph.D dissertation, Rijksuniversiteit, Groningen, publ. Foris, Dordrecht, 1989.
Morrill, Glyn: 1987, Meta-Categorial Grammar, in Nick Haddock, E. Klein and G. Morrill (eds.),Edinburgh Working Papers in Cognitive Science, I: Categorial Grammar, Unification Grammar, and Parsing, Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh.
Neijt, Anneke: 1979, Gapping, Foris, Dordrecht.
Oehrle, Richard T: 1987, ‘Boolean Properties in the Analysis of Gapping’, in Geoffrey Huck and A. Ojeda (eds.),Syntax and Semantics, XX: Discontinuous Constituency, Academic Press, New York, pp. 201–240.
van Oirsouw, Robert R.: 1985, ‘A Linear Approach to Coordinate Deletion’,Linguistics 23, 363–390.
van Oirsouw, Robert R.: 1987,The Syntax of Coordination, London, Croom Helm.
Pareschi, Remo: 1986, ‘Combinatory Categorial Grammar, Logic Programming, and the Parsing of Natural Language’, DAI Working Paper, University of Edinburgh.
Pareschi, Remo: 1989,Type-driven Natural Language Analysis, Ph.D dissertation, University of Edinburgh. MS-CIS-89-45, University of Pennsylvania.
Pareschi, Remo and Mark Steedman: 1987, ‘A Lazy Way to Chart Parse with Categorial Grammars’,Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the ACL, Stanford, July 1987, pp. 81–88.
Pereira, Fernando and Stuart Shieber:1987,Prolog and Natural Language Analysis, CSLI/Chicago University Press.
Pierrehumbert, Janet: 1980,The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation, Ph.D. dissertation, MIT. (Distributed by Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington, IN.)
Pollard, Carl and Ivan Sag: 1987,Information-based Syntax and Semantics, CSLI Lecture Notes #3, CSLI/Chicago University Press.
Prince, Ellen F.: 1986, ‘On the Syntactic Marking of Presupposed Open Propositions’,Papers from the Parasession on Pragmatics and Grammatical Theory at the 22nd Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 208–222.
Ross, John Robert: 1967,Constraints on Variables in Syntax, doctoral dissertation, MIT, published as Infinite Syntax! Ablex, Norton, NJ. 1986.
Ross, John Robert: 1970, ‘Gapping and the Order of Constituents’, in Manfred Bierwisch and M. Heidolph (eds.),Progress in Linguistics, Mouton, The Hague, pp. 249–259.
Sag, Ivan: 1976,Deletion and Logical Form, Ph.D dissertation, MIT.
Sag, Ivan, Gerald Gazdar, Thomas Wasow, and Steven Weisler: 1985, ‘Coordination and How to Distinguish Categories’,Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 3, 117–172.
Sag, Ivan and Jorge Hankamer: 1984, ‘Towards a Theory of Anaphoric Processing’,Linguistics and Philosophy 7, 325–345.
Schachter, Paul: 1977, ‘Constraints on Coordination’,Language 53, 86–103.
Schachter, Paul: 1985, ‘Parts-of-speech Systems’, in Timothy Shopen (ed.),Language Typology and Syntactic Description, I: Clause Structure, CUP, Cambridge, pp. 1–61.
Schacter, Paul and Susan Mordechai: 1983, ‘A Phrase-structure Account of “Nonconstituent” Conjunction’, inProceedings of the Second West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, Stanford, February 1983, Stanford Linguistics Association, Stanford CA, pp. 260–274.
Selkirk, Lisa: 1984,Phonology and Syntax, Cambridge MA, MIT Press.
Shieber, Stuart: 1985, ‘Evidence against the Context-freeness of Natural Language’,Linguistics and Philosophy 8, 333–343.
Shieber, Stuart: 1986,An Introduction to Unification-based Approaches to Grammar, CSLI/Chicago University Press, Chicago.
Siegel, Muffy: 1984, ‘Gapping and Interpretation’,Linguistic Inquiry 15, 523–530.
Smullyan, Raymond: 1985,To Mock a Mockingbird, Knopf, New York.
Steedman, Mark J 1985, ‘Dependency and Coordination in the Grammar of Dutch and English’,Language 61, 523–568.
Steedman, Mark J: 1988, ‘Combinators and Grammars’, paper to the Conference on Categorial Grammar, Tucson, AR, June 1985, in Richard T. Oehrle, E. Bach and D. Wheeler (eds.),Categorial Grammars and Natural Language Structures, Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 417–442.
Steedman, Mark J.: 1987, ‘Combinatory Grammars and Parasitic Gaps’,Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5, 403–439.
Steedman, Mark J. 1989a, ‘Constituency and Coordination in a Combinatory Grammar’, in Mark Baltin and T. Kroch (eds.),New Conceptions of Phrase Structure, Chicago, University Press, pp. 201–306.
Steedman, Mark: 1989b, ‘Structure and Intonation’, manuscript, University of Pennsylvania.
Stillings, Justine T.: 1975, ‘The Formulation of Gapping in English as Evidence for Variable Types in Syntactic Transformations’,Linguistic Analysis 1, 247–273.
Stump, Gregory T.: 1978, ‘Interpretive Gapping in Montague Grammar’,Papers from the Fourteenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society, University of Chicago.
Szabolcsi, Anna: 1983, ‘ECP in Categorial Grammar’, manuscript, Max Planck Institute, Nijmegen.
Szabolcsi, Anna: 1986, ‘Filters vs. Combinators’, in Istvan Bodnar, A. Mate, and L. Polos,Intentional Logic, Semantics, and the Philosophy of Science: in Honour of Imre Ruzsa at the Occasion of his 65th Birthday, Budapest, pp. 81–90.
Szabolcsi, Anna: 1987, ‘Bound Variables in Syntax: Are there any?’ Paper to the 6th Amsterdam Colloquium, April 13–16, 1987. To appear in the proceedings.
Szabolcsi, Anna: 1987, ‘On Combinatory Categorial Grammar’,Proceedings of the Symposium on Logic and Language, Debrecen, Akaddmiai Kiadó, Budapest, pp. 151–162.
Szabolcsi, Anna: 1989, in press, ‘On Combinatory Categorial Grammar and Projection from the Lexicon’, in Ivan Sag and A. Szabolcsi (eds),Lexical Matters, CSLI Stanford/Chicago University Press, Chicago.
Turner, David A.: 1979a, ‘A New Implementation Technique for Applicative Languages’,Software Practice and Experience 9, 31–49.
Turner, David A.: 1979b, ‘Another Algorithm for Bracket Abstraction’,Journal of Symbolic Logic 44, 267–270.
Uszkoreit, Hans: 1986, ‘Categorial Unification Grammars’,Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Bonn, August, 1986, 187–194.
Weir, David: 1988,Characterising Mildly Context-sensitive Grammar Formalisms, Ph.D dissertation, CIS-88-74, University of Pennsylvania.
Weir, David, and Aravind Joshi: 1988, ‘Combinatory Categorial Grammars: Generative Power and Relation to Linear CF Rewriting Systems’,Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Buffalo, June 1988, pp. 278–285.
Williams, Edwin: 1977a, ‘Discourse and Logical Form’,Linguistic Inquiry 8, 101–139.
Williams, Edwin: 1977, ‘On Deep and Surface Anaphora’,Linguistic Inquiry 8, 692–696.
Wilson, Deirdre and Dan Sperber: 1979, ‘Ordered Entailments’,Syntax and Semantics, XI, Presupposition, Academic, New York, pp. 299–323.
Wittenburg, Kent B.: 1986,Natural Language Parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar in a Graph-Unification Based Formalism. D. Phil Dissertation, U. of Texas at Austin.
Wittenburg, Kent: 1987, ‘Predictive Combinators: a Method for Efficient Processing of Combinatory Grammars’,Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the ACL, Stanford,
Wood, M.: 1988,A Categorial Syntax for Coordinate Constructions, Ph. D dissertation, University College, London.
van der Zee, Nico: 1982, ‘Samentrekking: een Kategoriaal Perspektief’,Glot 5, 189–217.
Zeevat, Henk, Ewan Klein, and Jo Calder: 1987, ‘An Introduction to Unification Categorial Grammar’, in N. Haddock et al. (eds.),Edinburgh Working Papers in Cognitive Science, 1: Categorial Grammar, Unification Grammar, and Parsing.
Zielonka, W: 1881, ‘Axiomatizability of Ajdukiewicz-Lambek Calculus by Means of Cancellation Schemes',Zeitschrift fur matematische logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik 27, 215–224.
Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa: 1982,On the Relationship of the Lexicon to Syntax, Ph.D dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
Zwarts, Franz: 1986,Categoriale Grammatica en Algebraische Semantik, Ph.D dissertation, Rijkuniversiteit, Gröningen.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Thanks to: David Dowty, Nick Haddock, Mark Hepple, Jack Hoeksema, Polly Jacobson, Mark Johnson, Aravind Joshi, Einar Jowsey, Dale Miller, Michael Moortgat, Glyn Morrill, Michael Niv, Dick Oehrle, Remo Pareschi, Ellen Prince, Mats Rooth, Beatrice Santorini, Yves Schabes, Vijay Shankar, Stuart Shieber, Arnim von Stechow, Anna Szabolcsi, Bonnie Lynn Webber, David Weir, and the anonymous referees. Some of the ideas in Section 3.1 appear in a different form in Steedman, 1989a. Various stages of the research were supported by grants from ESPRIT (project 393) to CCS, University of Edinburgh, from the Cognitive Science Program at the University of Pennsylvania sponsored by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and from NSF grant IRI-10413 A02, ARO grant DAA6-29-84K-0061 and DARPA grant N0014-85-K0018 to CIS, University of Pennsylvania.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Steedman, M.J. Gapping as constituent coordination. Linguist Philos 13, 207–263 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630734
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630734