Abstract
An increase in Academic Integrity (AI) breaches has resulted in higher education institutions implementing solutions to improve AI competence. It has been argued that to improve students’ AI understanding, concepts and skills should be taught at the classroom level and contextual factors should be considered. This article presents an investigation on how AI is taught at the classroom level across a range of disciplines, how contextual factors inform approaches to AI education, and how the approaches align with evidence-based recommendations. Purposeful sampling procedures were employed to select units of study from disciplines at two Australian universities. Qualitative data collection methods were used to capture ways AI education was approached and the collected data were analysed through grounded theory methods. The findings show that AI was primarily taught through explicit instruction and personal storytelling and assessed through summative assessment. Such approaches appear to be influenced by personal philosophies, institutional mandates and student backgrounds. While the approaches align with the notion that best practice includes an educative approach, other facets of best practice that have been promoted to combat the rise in AI breaches such as collusion, assessment outsourcing and cheating in exams were not evident.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adiningrum, T. S., & Kutieleh, S. (2011). How different are we? Understanding and managing plagiarism between east and west. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 5(2), 88–98.
Awdry, R. (2020). Assignment outsourcing: Moving beyond contract cheating. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1765311
Bamford, J., & Sergiou, K. (2005). International students and plagiarism: An analysis of the reasons for plagiarism among international foundation students. Investigations in University Teaching and Learning, 2(2), 17–22.
Bealle, P. (2017). Community college academic integrity lessons that put research into practice. Theory into Practice. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2017.1283573
Bertram Gallant, T. (2017). Academic integrity as a teaching and learning issue: From theory to practice. Theory into Practice. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2017.1308173
Boehm, P. J., Justice, M., & Weeks, S. (2009). Promoting academic integrity in higher education. The Community College Enterprise, 15(1), 45–61.
Bogden, C. R., & Biklen, S. K. (1982). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods. Ally and Bacon.
Bretag, T., Mahmud, S., Wallace, M., Walker, R., McGowan, U., East, J., Green, M., Partridge, L. & James, C. (2014). ‘Teach us how to do it Properly!’ An Australian academic integrity student survey. Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.777406
Bretag, T. (2016a). Contextual factors which impact on academic integrity: Introduction. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of academic integrity (p. 305). Springer.
Bretag, T. (2016b). Defining academic integrity: International perspectives. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of academic integrity (pp. 3–180). Springer.
Bretag, T. (2016c). Discipline-specific approaches to academic integrity: Introduction. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of academic integrity (pp. 673–674). Springer.
Bretag, T. (Ed.). (2016d). Handbook of academic integrity. Springer.
Bretag, T., & Mahmud, S. (2016). A conceptual framework for implementing exemplary academic integrity policy in Australian higher education. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of academic integrity (pp. 464–478). Springer.
Bretag, T., Harper, R., Burton, M., Ellis, C., Newton, P., Rozenberg, P., Saddiqui, S., & van Haeringen, K. (2018). Contract cheating: A Survey of Australian university students. Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1462788
Brimble, M. (2016). Why students cheat: An exploration of the motivators of student academic dishonesty in higher education. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of academic integrity (pp. 1–14). Springer.
Chauhan, P. K., Wood, E., Plummer, T., & Forsyth, G. (2018). Peer-based interventions on academic integrity: Assessing immediate and long term learning. Journal of Academic Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-017-9296-8
Curtis, G. J., & Vardanega, L. (2016). Is plagiarism changing over time? A 10-year time-lag study with three points of measurement. Higher Education Research & Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2016.1161602
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed.). Routledge Falmer.
Dawson, P. & Sutherland-Smith, W. (2019) Can training improve marker accuracy at detecting contract cheating? A multi-disciplinary pre-post study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1531109
East, J. (2009). Aligning policy and practice: An approach to integrating academic integrity. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 3(1), 38–51.
Ellis, C., van Haeringen, K., Harper, R., Bretag, T., Zucker, I., McBride, S., Rozenberg, P., Newton, P. & Saddiqui, S. (2019). Does authentic assessment assure academic integrity? Evidence from contract cheating data. Higher Education Research & Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1680956
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books.
Gynnild, V., & Gotschalk, P. (2008). Promoting academic integrity at a midwestern university: Critical review and current challenges. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 4(2), 41–49.
Jiang, H., Emmerton, L., & McKauge, L. (2013). Academic integrity and plagiarism: A review of the influences and risk situations for health students. Higher Education Research & Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2012.687362
Kisamore, J. L., Stone, T. H., & Jawahar, I. M. (2007). Academic integrity: The relationship between individual and situational factors on misconduct contemplations. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9260-9
Lancaster, T. (2017). How to stop cheating in universities. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/how-to-stop-cheating-in-universities-85407. Accessed 21 March 2018.
Leask, B. (2006). Plagiarism, cultural diversity and metaphor—Implications for academic staff development. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930500262486
Lofstrom, E., Trotman, T., Furnari, M., & Shephard, K. (2015). Who teaches academic integrity and how do they teach it? Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-014-9784-3
Manly, T. S., Leonard, L. N. K., & Riemenschneider, C. K. (2015). Academic integrity in the information age: Virtues of respect and responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2060-8
McCabe, D. L., Butterfield, K. D., & Trevino, L. K. (2003). Faculty and academic integrity: The influence of current honor codes and past honor code experiences. Research in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023033916853
McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L. K. (1997). Individual and contextual influences on academic dishonesty: A multicampus investigation. Research in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024954224675
Macfarlane, B., Zhang, J., & Pun, A. (2014). Academic integrity: A review of the literature. Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2012.709495
Newton, F. J., Wright, J. D., & Newton, J. D. (2014). Skills training to avoid inadvertent plagiarism: Results from a randomised control study. Higher Education Research & Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2014.911257
Nonis, H., & Swift, C. O. (2001). An examination of the relationship between academic dishonesty and workplace dishonesty: A multicampus investigation. The Journal of Education for Business. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832320109599052
O’Leary, Z. (2014). The Essential guide to doing your research project (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
Richards, D., Saddiqui, S., White, F., McGuigand, N., & Homewood, J. (2016). A theory of change for student-led academic integrity. Quality in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2016.1265849
Tatum, H., & Schwartz, B. M. (2017). Honor codes: Evidence based strategies for improving academic integrity. Theory into Practice. https://doi.org/10.1090/00405841.2017.1308175
Tauginienė, L., Gaižauskaitė, I., Razi, S., Glendinning, I., Sivasubramaniam, S., Marino, F., Cosentino, M., Anohina-Maumeca, A., & Kravjar, J. (2019). Enhancing the Taxonomies Relating to Academic Integrity and Misconduct. Journal of Academic Ethics, 17(4), 345–361.
Tee, S., & Curtis, K. (2018). Academic misconduct – Helping students retain their moral compass. Nurse Education Today. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.11.030
Sefcik, L., Striepe, M. & Yorke, J. (2019). Mapping the landscape of academic integrity education programs: what approaches are effective? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1604942
Sotiriadou, P., Logan, D., Daly, A., & Guest, R. (2019). The role of authentic assessment to preserve academic integrity and promote skill development and employability. Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1582015
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage Publications.
Vardi, I. (2012). Developing students’ referencing skills: A matter of plagiarism, punishment and morality or of learning to write critically? Higher Education Research & Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2012.673120
Whitely, B. E., Jr., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2001). Academic integrity as an institutional issue. Ethics & Behaviour, 11(3), 325–342.
Yakovchuk, N., Badge, J., & Scott, J. (2011). Staff and Student Perspectives on the Potential of Honour Codes in the UK. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 7, 37–52.
Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage.
Yorke, J., Sefcik, L., & Veeran-Colton, T. (2020). Contract cheating and blackmail: A risky business? Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1730313
Funding
This work was supported by a Curtin Innovation Grant and in-kind contributions from Curtin University and Queensland University of Technology. Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) has approved this study (HRE2018-0022). No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Striepe, M., Thomson, S. & Sefcik, L. Understanding Academic Integrity Education: Case Studies from Two Australian Universities. J Acad Ethics 21, 1–17 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-021-09429-x
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-021-09429-x