Abstract
The relativized propositional calculus is a system of Boolean formulas with query symbols. A formula in this system is called a one-query formula if the number of occurrences of query symbols is just one. If a one-query formula is a tautology with respect to a given oracle A then it is called a one-query tautology with respect to A. By extending works of Ambos-Spies (1986) and us (2002), we investigate the measure of the class of all oracles A such that the set of all one-query tautologies with respect to A does not p-btt-reduce to A, where p-btt denotes polynomial-time bounded-truth-table. We show that certain Dowd-type generic oracles all belong to the class, and hence measure of the class is one.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ambos-Spies, K.: Randomness, relativizations, and polynomial reducibilities. In: Structure in Complexity Theory, A.L. Selman (eds.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 223, 23–34, Springer, Berlin, (1986)
Ambos-Spies, K.: Resource-bounded genericity. In: Computability, enumerability, unsolvability, S.B. Cooper, T.A. Slaman, S.S. Wainer (eds.), London Math. Soc. Lect. Note Series 224, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 1–59
Ambos-Spies, K., Fleischhack, H., Huwig, H.: Diagonalizations over polynomial time computable sets. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 51, 177–204 (1987)
Ambos-Spies, K., Mayordomo, E.: Resource-bounded measure and randomness. In: Complexity, logic, and recursion theory, A. Sorbi (eds.), Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics 187, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997, pp. 1–47
Ambos-Spies, K., Neis, H., Terwijin, S.A.: Genericity and measure for exponential time. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 168, 3–19 (1996)
Balcázar, J.L., Díaz, J., Gabarró, J.: Structural complexity I. Springer, Berlin, 1988
Bennett, C.H., Gill, J.: Relative to a random oracle A, PA ≠ NPA ≠ co-NPA with probability 1. SIAM J. Comput. 10, 96–113 (1981)
Book, R.V., Tang S.: Polynomial-time reducibilities and “almost all” oracle sets. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 81, 35–47 (1991)
Dowd, M.: Generic oracles, uniform machines, and codes. Information and Computation 96, pp. 65–76 (1992)
Ko, Ker-I.: Some observations on the probabilistic algorithms and NP-hard problems. Inform. Process. Lett. 14, 39–43 (1982)
Kurtz, S.A.: On the random oracle hypothesis. Inform. Control 57, 40–47 (1983), Preliminary version appeared in: Proc. 14th. ann. ACM symp. on theory of computing, Association for Computing Machinery, 1982, pp. 224–230
Ladner, R.E., Lynch, N.A., Selman, A.L.: A comparison of polynomial time reducibilities. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 1, 103–123 (1975)
Merkle, W., Wang, Y.: Separations by random oracles and “almost” classes for generalized reducibilities. Math. Logic Quart. 47, 249–269 (2001)
Orponen, P.: Complexity classes of alternating machines with oracles. In: Automata, languages and programming 10th colloquium, J. Diaz (eds.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 154 Springer, Berlin, 1983, pp. 573–584
Rogers, H. Jr.: Theory of recursive functions and effective computability. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987 (Original edition: MacGraw-Hill, New York, 1967)
Sacks, G.E.: Degrees of unsolvability. Ann. Math. Studies 55. Princeton university press, Princeton, N.J., 1963
Spector, C: Measure theoretic construction of incomparable hyperdegrees. J. Symbolic Logic 23, 280–288 (1958)
Suzuki, T.: Recognizing tautology by a deterministic algorithm whose while-loop’s execution time is bounded by forcing. Kobe Journal of Mathematics 15, 91–102 (1998)
Suzuki, T.: Computational complexity of Boolean formulas with query symbols. Doctoral dissertation, 1999, Institute of Mathematics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-City, Japan
Suzuki, T.: Complexity of the r-query tautologies in the presence of a generic oracle. Notre Dame J. Formal Logic 41, 142–151 (2000)
Suzuki, T.: Forcing complexity: minimum sizes of forcing conditions. Notre Dame J. Formal Logic 42, 117–120 (2001)
Suzuki, T.: Degrees of Dowd-type generic oracles. Inform. and Comput. 176, 66–87 (2002)
Suzuki, T.: Forcing complexity: degree of randomness shown by minimum sizes of forcing conditions. A talk at Takeuti Symposium (2003), Kobe, Japan
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The author was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 14740082), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Suzuki, T. Bounded truth table does not reduce the one-query tautologies to a random oracle. Arch. Math. Logic 44, 751–762 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00153-005-0283-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00153-005-0283-1
Keywords or phrases
- Dowd-type generic oracle
- Measure
- One-query tautology
- Random oracle
- The relativized propositional calculus
- Truth table reduction