Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter April 11, 2022

Mapping the Critical System: Kant and the Highest Good

  • Kristi Sweet EMAIL logo

Abstract

This essay considers Kant’s concept of the highest good from a systematic point of view. The two spheres of freedom and nature—of the practical and theoretical—need to be brought into a causal relation for the highest good to be achieved. Kant seems to offer numerous possibilities for how human beings are able to think that it is possible for the highest good to be attainable. I argue that it is only in the third Critique, however, that Kant articulates an answer that also establishes freedom and nature within a larger system. The third Critique does this by positing a third, independent and mediating sphere of human experience that allows a transition between freedom and nature to be effected. This answer to the problem of the highest good is distinctive because the causal efficacy of reason in attaining its own demands is preserved. I examine Kant’s view by way of an analysis of his discussion of ‘territory’ and ‘domain’ in the Introduction to the text.


Corresponding author: Kristi Sweet, Philosophy, Texas A&M University, 4237 TAMU, 77843 College Station, TX, USA, E-mail:

References

Allison, H. 2004. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense. New Haven: Yale University Press.10.2307/j.ctt1cc2kjcSearch in Google Scholar

Aufderheide, J., and R. M. Bader, eds. 2015. The Highest Good in Aristotle and Kant. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198714019.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Breazeale, D. 2019. “‘The Summit of Kantian Speculation’: Fichte’s Reception of the Third Critique.” Anuario Filosófico 52 (1): 113–44, https://doi.org/10.15581/009.52.1.113-144.Search in Google Scholar

Brown, É. 2020. “Kant’s Doctrine of the Highest Good: A Theologico-Political Interpretation.” Kantian Review 25 (2): 193–217, https://doi.org/10.1017/s1369415420000047.Search in Google Scholar

Caswell, M. 2006. “Kant’s Conception of the Highest Good, the Gesinnung, and the Theory of Radical Evil.” Kant-Studien 97: 184–209, https://doi.org/10.1515/kant.2006.011.Search in Google Scholar

Chignell, A. 2014. “Rational Hope, Possibility, and Divine Action.” In Kant’s Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason: A Critical Guide, edited by G. Michalson, 98–117. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139088138.006Search in Google Scholar

Düsing, K. 1990. “Beauty as the Transition from Nature to Freedom in Kant’s Critique of Judgment.” Nous 24: 79–92.10.2307/2215614Search in Google Scholar

Esser, A. 2016. “Applying the Concept of the Good: The Final End and the Highest Good in Kant’s Third Critique.” In The Highest Good in Kant’s Philosophy, edited by T. Höwing, 245–62. Berlin: de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110369007-016Search in Google Scholar

Gardner, S. 2016. “Kant’s Third Critique: The Project of Unification.” Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 78: 161–85, https://doi.org/10.1017/s1358246116000254.Search in Google Scholar

Guyer, P. 2003. Kant’s System of Nature and Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Guyer, P. 2005. “Kant’s Principles of Reflecting Judgment.” In Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment: Critical Essays, edited by P. Guyer, 1–61. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Press.Search in Google Scholar

Hegel, G. W. F. 1977. Faith and Knowledge. Albany: State University of New York Press.Search in Google Scholar

Höwing, T., ed. 2016. “The Highest Good in Kant’s Philosophy.” Berlin: de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110369007Search in Google Scholar

Kant, I. 1996a. Critique of Practical Reason in Practical Philosophy [KpV]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kant, I. 1996b. Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals in Practical Philosophy [G]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kant, I. 1996c. Metaphysics of Morals in Practical Philosophy [MS]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kant, I. 1998. Critique of Pure Reason [KrV]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511804649Search in Google Scholar

Kant, I. 2000. Critique of the Power of Judgment [KU]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511804656Search in Google Scholar

Kleingeld, P. 1995. “What Do the Virtuous Hope For?: Re-Reading Kant’s Doctrine of the Highest Good.” In Proceedings of the Eighth International Kant Congress, edited by H. Robinson, 91–112. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.10.5840/kant199519951Part17Search in Google Scholar

Leibniz, G. 1972. “De Jure Suprematu Principum Germaniae (Caeserinus Fürstenerius).” In Leibniz: Political Writings, edited by P. Riley, 111–20. New York: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Lin, C.-H. 2019. “The Ambiguity of Kant’s Concept of the Highest Good: Finding the Correct Interpretation.” The Philosophical Forum 50 (3): 355–82, https://doi.org/10.1111/phil.12228.Search in Google Scholar

Pasternak, L. 2017. “Restoring Kant’s Conception of the Highest Good.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 55 (3): 435–68.10.1353/hph.2017.0049Search in Google Scholar

Reath, A. 1988. “Two Conceptions of the Highest Good in Kant.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 26: 593–619, https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.1988.0098.Search in Google Scholar

Rohlf, M. 2008. “The Transition from Nature to Freedom in Kant’s Third Critique.” Kant-Studien 99: 339–60, https://doi.org/10.1515/kant.2008.024.Search in Google Scholar

Schelling, F. W. J. 1989. The Philosophy of Art. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press.Search in Google Scholar

Schiller, F. 2016. On the Aesthetic Education of Man. New York: Penguin Books.Search in Google Scholar

Sweet, K. 2013. Kant on Practical Life: From Duty to History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139583886Search in Google Scholar

Sweet, K. 2022. Kant on Freedom, Nature, and Judgment: The Territory of the Third Critique. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Toyoda, T. 2011. Theory and Politics of the Law of Nations: Political Bias in International Law Discourse of German Court Councilors in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Leiden: Brill Publishing.10.1163/ej.9789004206632.i-220Search in Google Scholar

Vatansever, S. 2020. “Kant’s Coherent Theory of the Highest Good.” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 89: 263–83, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-020-09782-8.Search in Google Scholar

Ypi, L. 2013. “The Problem of Systematic Unity in Kant’s Two Definitions of Philosophy.” In Kant und die Philosophie in weltbürgerlicher Absicht. Akten des XI. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses, edited by S. Bacin, A. Ferrarin, C. La Rocca, and M. Ruffing, 773–86. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110246490.773Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2022-04-11
Published in Print: 2022-10-26

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 27.4.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jtph-2021-0026/html
Scroll to top button