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Chrysostomus Javelli OP (c. 1470–1540): A Biographical Introduction

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Chrysostomus Javelli

Abstract

Chrysostomus Javelli OP (c. 1470–1540) is remembered almost exclusively for his numerous scholarly works in the Thomist philosophical-theological tradition, which are easily accessible in the often-reprinted, massive opera omnia editions of the late sixteenth century (Lyon 1568, Venice 1577, Lyon 1580). In this revised biographical account, Javelli’s literary output is seen in the context of his entire life and its key aspects as observant Dominican friar, unenthusiastic inquisitor, prolific author and dedicated teacher. New light is cast on all these facets by focusing on unexploited primary sources, in the first place the rich prosopographical material found in the multiple, and mostly now very rare, editiones principes of Javelli’s works. This material, in the form of dedicatory letters, colophons and incidental autobiographical remarks, was almost entirely omitted by the editors of all the posthumous editions of his works and hitherto has been overlooked by scholars.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See: Senensis 1585, 59–60; Uberti 1586 (in Simoncelli 1988, 116); Razzi 1596, 310, 345; Piò 1613, 150–151; Piò 1615, 488; Del Giudice 1677, 276; Rovetta 1691, 96; Quétif-Échard 1719–1721, II, 104–105.

  2. 2.

    In the notarial record of Javelli’s graduation dated 18 February 1516 he appears as the result of a double mistake made by the notary as fr. Eustachius Javedus (Piana 1969, 217).

  3. 3.

    On the history of the Congregation of Lombardy see D’Amato 1945; Creytens and D’Amato 1961; Creytens 1962.

  4. 4.

    At the end of the academic year 1495–1496 Javelli was in the region of Piacenza where he experienced an unusual meteorological phenomenon that he described as ‘manna’ (see Epithoma in libros metheororum Aristotelis in Javelli 1531, 9v [238]). Similar accounts of this ‘manna’ in the outskirts of Piacenza for 1494 and 1504 are in Poggiali 1760, 189–190.

  5. 5.

    On Cagnazzo see Sinisi 2007.

  6. 6.

    On Cacatossici and Piazzesi see Tavuzzi 2007, 230, 225–226.

  7. 7.

    For an account of the Congregation of Lombardy’s failed attempt to reform Sant’Eustorgio see Tavuzzi 1997, 60–66.

  8. 8.

    On Giustiniani see Cevolotto 1992.

  9. 9.

    On Fantoni and Colzado see Tavuzzi 2007, 234–235.

  10. 10.

    On Silvestri see Tavuzzi 2007, 226–227.

  11. 11.

    On Radini Tedeschi see Tavuzzi 1994.

  12. 12.

    See Gilson 1961, 1963; Di Napoli 1963; Pine 1986; Sgarbi 2010; Cappiello 2016.

  13. 13.

    On the at times tense relationship between Cajetan and the Bolognese Dominicans see Tavuzzi 2014.

  14. 14.

    As Quaestio perpulchra et resolutissima de Dei predestinatione et reprobatione, ad Crescentium, Javelli 1577 and 1580, 81–86. The edition in Javelli 1581, 53–58, is entitled Tractatus […] de Praedestinatione de qua agit Beatus Thomas in prima parte, and eliminates the previous edition’s introduction addressed to Crescentius.

  15. 15.

    See: Bañez 1584, cols. 430–439; Molina 1588, 412–414; Bañez 1595, 298, 366, 367.

  16. 16.

    On Pietro Maldura da Bergamo see Meliadò and Negri 2020.

  17. 17.

    On the University of Piacenza see Grendler 2002, 137–138.

  18. 18.

    Unfortunately, the second Register of Master General Thomas de Vio Cajetan for the second half of his term of office (1513–1519), that would have recorded the date of Javelli’s appointment, is lost.

  19. 19.

    On the Inquisition of Piacenza see Tavuzzi 2007, 24. See also (but with no further information on Javelli): Castignoli 2008a, b; Ceriotti 2009.

  20. 20.

    On heretical movements in Piacenza see Castignoli 2008 and on the Lutheran-inspired ‘Ecclesia Cremonensis’ see Chabod 1971, 329–373.

  21. 21.

    The often–repeated claim that Maturo had been the prior of the Dominican convent in Cremona before his flight in 1528 is intriguing. Domaneschi 1767, 426–438, does not mention him in his list of the convent’s priors and indicates another friar, Girolamo Fornari, as the prior at that time. While this might be an instance of Dominican historiographical damnatio memoriae, it could also be that Maturo’s alleged status as prior is merely a polemical embellishment, for there seems to be no contemporary documentation that supports the claim and the earliest mention of it that I have been able to find is in Rosio de Porta 1771, 2, 27.

  22. 22.

    It is noteworthy that Luther’s De captivitate had been meant as a reply to the Revocatio Martini Lutherii Augustiniani ad sanctam Sedem (Cremona, 1519) written by the Dominican Isidoro degli Isolani (1477–1528) when he was stationed in the convent of Cremona in 1519. Isolani’s early anti-Luther polemic need not be taken as a reaction to the circulation of Lutheran ideas in Cremona itself, for Isolani had met Luther previously in October 1518, when he had accompanied Cardinal Cajetan on his encounter with Luther in Augsburg.

  23. 23.

    See Surtz 1975, 439–442; Bedouelle and Le Gal 1987, 354.

  24. 24.

    See Tavuzzi 2007, 79–80.

  25. 25.

    On Fumo, who served as inquisitor of Piacenza during 1548 until his death, see Manfredi 1950.

  26. 26.

    On Locati, inquisitor of Piacenza during 1560–1566 see Ditchfield 1989.

  27. 27.

    The claim was reported in Razzi 1596, 269, but was dismissed by both Quétif-Échard 1719–1724, II, 123, and Poggiali 1789, II, 247–248.

  28. 28.

    See Gili 2019.

  29. 29.

    For a succinct report of my reconstruction of the pagination and series chartarum of this work see Cordonier and De Robertis 2021, 124 note 3.

  30. 30.

    See Epitome de Anima in Javelli 1531, 5r [486], 7v [481].

  31. 31.

    For Javelli’s attitude to Platonism see his dedicatory letter to Catalano Trivulzio, bishop of Piacenza, dated Piacenza 1 November 1535 in Javelli 1536e, 2r-v.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pontifical University of St Thomas Aquinas, Rome, Italy

    Michael Tavuzzi

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  1. Michael Tavuzzi
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  1. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA

    Tommaso De Robertis

  2. KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Luca Burzelli

Appendix

Appendix

1.1 Concordance Opera Omnia Editions and Editiones Principes (with Place and Date of Completion if Indicated)

Volume I (1568, 1577, 1580)

Javelli (as listed in References)

Compendium logicae

1540c

Epitome in VIII Physicorum

1531 1v–47v [6–97]

Tractatus de primo et ultimo istanti

1531 47v–48v [97–100] Piacenza Dec. 1526

Epitome in IV De coelo

1531 1r–32v [101–164]

Epitome in II De generatione et corruptione

1531 1r–28v [165–220]

Epitome in III priores Meteorum

1531 1r–40v [221–300] Crema May 1527

Epitome in III De anima

1531 1r–32v [473–536] Piacenza Dec. 1526

Epitome in Parva naturalia

1531 1r–44v [301–378] Piacenza May 1529

Epitome in De bona fortuna

1531 39v–44v [378–388] Piacenza May 1529

Epitome in XII Metaphysicorum

1531 1r–112r [565–788]

Tractatus de transcendentibus

1531 1r–14v [537–564]

Commentarium in De Causis

1531 1r–42v [389–472] Piacenza June 1529

Quaestiones in VIII Physicorum

1534b Piacenza August 1532

Quaestiones in III De anima

1534c Piacenza August 1533

Quaestiones in XII Metaphysicorum

1534a Cremona January 1532

Volume II (1568, 1577, 1580)

 

Epitome in X Ethicorum

1536b August 1534

Epitome in VIII Politicorum

1536c Cremona January 1535

Epitome in Oeconomicam

1536d January 1535

Epitome in Moralem Platonis philosophiam

1536e July 1535

Epitome in Politicam Platonis

1536f Piacenza November 1535

De Christiana Philosophia [I–II]

1538 Piacenza August 1536

De Christiana Philosophia [III–VIII]

1539 Piacenza June 1537

Dispositio Politicae sive Christianae Philosophiae

1540a

Oeconomica Christiana

1540b Piacenza August 1538

Volume III (1577, 1580)

 

Quaestiones super Quartum Aristotelis Meteorum

 

Quaestiones super De Sensu et Sensato

 

Quaestiones super lib. De memoria et reminiscentia

 

Tractatus de Bona Fortuna

1531 39v–44v

Quaestio de conceptione B. Mariae V.

 

Tractatus de αnimae humanαe indeficientia

1536a November 1533

Epitome super Spheram

 

Quaestio de Dei Praedestinatione et Reprobatione

 

Not in Opera Omnia

1 Prologus, Repertorium

1519a in Burchardus 1519

2 Epistola, Solutiones

1519b in Pomponazzi 1519

3 Expositio in primam partem

1581 in Aquinas 1581

4 Expositio de Trinitate

1581 in Aquinas 1581

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Tavuzzi, M. (2023). Chrysostomus Javelli OP (c. 1470–1540): A Biographical Introduction. In: De Robertis, T., Burzelli, L. (eds) Chrysostomus Javelli. International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, vol 243. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27673-6_1

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