Skip to main content
Log in

Clinical judgment

  • Published:
Metamedicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Boorse, C., ‘On the distinction between disease and illness’,Philosophy and Public Affairs 5, (1975) 49–68.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Boorse, C., ‘What a theory of mental health should be’,Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 6, (1976) 49–68.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Boorse, C., ‘Wright on functions’,The Philosophical Review 85, (1976) 70–86.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Boorse, C., ‘Health as a theoretical concept’,Philosophy of Science 44, (1977) 542–573.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bunzl, M., ‘Comment on “Health as a theoretical concept”’,Philosophy of Science 47, (1980) 116–118.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Burns, C. R., ‘Diseases versus healths: Some legacies in the philosophies of modern medical science’, in H. T. Engelhardt, Jr., and S. F. Spicker (eds.),Evaluation and Explanation in the Biomedical Sciences, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 1975, pp. 29–47.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cullen, W.,Synopsis Nosologiae Methodicae, William Creech, Edinburgh, 1769.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cullen W.,Nosologia Methodica, 3rd ed., J. Carfrae, Edinburgh, 1820.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Engelhardt, H. T., Jr., ‘The concepts of health and disease’, in H. T. Engelhardt, Jr., and S. F. Spicker (eds.),Evaluation and Explanation in the Biomedical Sciences, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 1975, pp. 125–141.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Engelhardt, H. T., Jr., ‘Human well-being and medicine: Some basic value judgments in the biomedical sciences’, in H. T. Engelhardt, Jr., and D. Callahan (eds.),Science, Ethics, and Medicine, Hastings Center, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, 1976, pp. 120–139.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Engelhardt, H. T., Jr., ‘Ideology and etiology’,Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 1, (1976) 256–268.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Engelhardt, H. T., Jr., and Spicker, S. F. (eds.),Clinical Judgment: A Critical Appraisal, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Engelhardt, H. T. Jr., ‘Doctoring the disease, treating the complaint, helping the patient: Some of the works of hygeia and panacea’, in H. T. Engelhardt, Jr., and D. Callahan (eds.),Knowing and Valuing, Hastings Center, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, 1980, pp. 225–249.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Engelhardt, H. T., Jr., ‘Personal health care or preventive care: Distributing scarce medical resources’,Soundings 63, (1980) 234–256.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fabrega, H., Jr., ‘Disease viewed as a symbolic category’, in H. T. Engelhardt, Jr. and S. F. Spicker (eds.),Mental Health: Philosophical Perspectives, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 1978, pp. 79–106.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Feinstein, A.,Clinical Judgment, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fleck, L.,Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache, Benno Schwabe, Basel, 1935. English version, T. J. Trenn, and R. K. Merton (eds.), F. Bradley, and T. J. Trenn (trans.),Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Garrod, A. B., ‘Observations on certain pathological conditions of the blood and urine in gout, rheumatism, and Bright's disease’,Medical Chirugical Transactions 31, (1848) 83–97.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Goosens, W. K., ‘Values, health, and medicine’,Philosophy of Science 47, (1980) 100–115.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hippocrates,Epidemics i, xi, in W. H. S. Jones (trans.),Hippocrates, Vol. 1, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1962.

  21. Kass, L., ‘Regarding the end of medicine and the pursuit of health’,The Public Interest 40, (1975) 17–24.

    Google Scholar 

  22. King, L. S., ‘What is disease?’,Philosophy of Science 21, (1954) 193–203.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Koplik, H., ‘The diagnosis of the invasion of measles from a study of the exanthema as it appears on the buccal mucous membrane’,Archives of Pediatrics 8, (1896) 918–922.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Linnaeus, C.,Genera Morborum, In Auditorum Usum, Steinert, Upsaliae, 1763.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Margolis, J., ‘The concept of disease’,Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 1, (1976) 238–255.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Merrill, J. R. et al., ‘The dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in man’,Journal of the American Medical Association 243, (1980) 1066–1068.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Parsons, T.,The Social System, Free Press, New York, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Parsons, T., ‘The mental hospital as a type of organization’, in M. Greenblatt et al. (eds.)The Patient and the Mental Hospital, Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois, 1957, pp. 108–129.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Parsons, T., ‘Definitions of health and illness in the light of American values and social structure’, in E. G. Jaco (ed.),Patients, Physicians, and Illness, Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois, 1958, pp. 165–187.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Parsons, T., ‘Illness, therapy, and the modern American family’, in E. G. Jaco (ed.),Patients, Physicians, and Illness, Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois, 1958, pp. 234–245.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Pople, H. E., Myers, J., and Miller, R., ‘Dialogue: A model for diagnostic logic for internal medicine’, inAdvance Papers for the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Tbilisis, Georgia, U.S.S.R., Vol. 2, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, massachusetts, 1975, pp. 848–885.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Pople, H. E., Jr., ‘Heuristic methods of imposing structure on ill-structured problems: The structuring of medical diagnostics’, inArtificial Intelligence in Medicine, American Association for the Advancement of Science, in press.

  33. Port, R. H., ‘Population differences in red and green colour vision deficiency: A review and a query on selection revelation’,Eugenics Quarterly 9, (1962) 131–146.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sauvages de la Croix, F. B.,Nosologia methodica sistens morborum classes juxta Sydenhami mentem et botanicorum ordinem, 5 vols., Fratrum de Tournes, Amsterdam, 1768.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Schaffner, K. F., ‘Problems in computer diagnosis’, in J. L. Peset, D. Garcia, H. T. Engelhardt, Jr., and S. F. Spicker (eds.),Ethics of Diagnosis, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, in press.

  36. Seegmiller, J. E. et al., ‘Incorporation of 4-amino-imidazoie-carboxamide-4-c13 into uric acid in the normal human’,Journal of Biological Chemistry 216, (1955) 653–662.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Sperling, O. et al., ‘Purine base incorporation into erythrocyte nucleotides and erythrocyte phosphoribosyltransferase activity in primary gout’,Revue Européenne d'Etudes Cliniques et Biologiques 16, (1971) 147–151.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Sydenham, T.,Observationes medicae circa morborum acutorum historiam et curationem, 3rd ed., G. Kettilby, London, 1676. (See the Preface to the Third Edition.)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Sydenham, T., ‘A treatise of the gout and dropsy, (1683)’ inthe Entire Works of Thomas Sydenham, G. Kettilby, London, 1753.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Szasz, T. S.,The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, Basic Books, New York, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Weed, L.,Medical Records, Medical Education, and Patient Care, Year Book Medical Publications, Chicago, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Wulff, H. T.,Rational Diagnosis and Treatment, Blackwell, Oxford, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Ancestral versions of this paper were presented at the University of Wisconsin-Parkside, March 5, 1981, at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, March 11, 1981, and at St. Vincent's Hospital, New York City, April 16, 1981.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tristram Engelhardt, H. Clinical judgment. Metamedicine 2, 301–317 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00882077

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00882077

Keywords

Navigation