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Friendship and Virtue: A Fruitful Tension in Aristotle’s Account of Philia

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Notes

  1. See Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Terence Irwin, trans. (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1999), VIII.1 1155a5–6, p. 119.

  2. See ibid., VIII.6 1158a20–21, p. 126.

  3. Ibid., VIII.3 1156a11–12, p. 121.

  4. Ibid., IX.1 1164a9–11, p. 137, VIII.3 1156a23–24, p. 121–122; see John Cooper, “Aristotle on the Forms of Friendship” in Cooper, Reason and Emotion (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999), pp. 312–335.

  5. See Aristotle, op. cit., VIII.3 1156a28, p. 122.

  6. See ibid., VIII.4 1157a25–31, p. 124; see also Martha Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 355; John Cooper, “Aristotle on the Forms of Friendship,” op. cit., p. 331; and Rosalind Hursthouse, “Aristotle for Women Who Love Too Much,” Ethics 117 (2007), p. 329.

  7. See Aristotle, op. cit., VIII.4 1157a12–14, a26–28, pp. 123–124, VIII.6 1158a32, p. 126, IX.1 1164a2–8, p. 137.

  8. See ibid., VIII.6 1158a21, p. 126.

  9. See ibid., VIII.3 1156a31–1156b6, p. 122, VIII.4 1157a3–14, p. 123, VIII.6 1158a18–21, p. 126, VIII.6 1158a32, p. 126, IX.1 1164a6–12, p. 137.

  10. Ibid., VIII.3 1156a12–19, p. 121.

  11. Ibid., IX.1 1164a10–11, p. 137; see IX.3 1165b3, p. 140, VIII.4 1157a15–16, p. 123.

  12. See ibid., IX.5 1167a13–14, p. 144.

  13. Ibid., VIII.3 1156b7–11, p. 122.

  14. See ibid., IX.1 1164a12, p. 137, IX.3 1165b5–6, p. 140.

  15. See ibid., VIII.3 1156b21, p. 122, VIII.4 1157a18, p. 123, VIII.4 1157b3, p. 124, IX.1 1164a12, p. 137, IX.10 1171a19, p. 151.

  16. See ibid., IX.4 1166a2–5, a16–17, pp. 141–142; see also A.W. Price, Love and Friendship in Plato and Aristotle (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 104–105, 108; see also, Lorraine Smith Pangle, Aristotle and the Philosophy of Friendship (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 210, n. 13; and Gregory Vlastos, “The Individual as an Object of Love in Plato,” in Platonic Studies (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1973), p. 33, n. 100.

  17. See ibid., VIII.3 1156a17–19, p. 121, VIII.3 1156b11, p. 122, VIII.4 1157a35–36, p. 124, VIII.8 1159a18, p. 128.

  18. See ibid., VIII.3 1156b8–10, p. 122.

  19. Ibid., IX.3 1165b14–15, p. 141.

  20. See ibid., VIII.6 1158a13–14, pp. 125–126.

  21. Ibid., IX.5 1167a1–2, a9–10, a13–14, a18–21, pp. 143–144.

  22. See Dale Jacquette, “Aristotle on the Value of Friendship as a Motivation for Morality,” Journal of Value Inquiry 35 (2001), pp. 380–381; see also Robert Sokolowski, “Friendship and Moral Action in Aristotle,” Journal of Value Inquiry 35 (2001), pp. 357–358.

  23. See Aristotle, op. cit., VIII.6 1158a21, p. 126, VIII.3 1156a31–1156b6, p. 122, VIII.4 1157b1–3, p. 124.

  24. See ibid., VIII.3 1156b7–8, p. 122, VIII.4 1157b3, p. 124.

  25. Ibid., VIII.1 1155a31, p. 120.

  26. Ibid., VIII.4 1157a10–12, p. 123.

  27. Ibid., VIII.11 1161a25–27, p. 132.

  28. Ibid., VIII.12 1161b30–34, p. 133.

  29. Ibid., VIII.12 1161b27–29, p. 133.

  30. See ibid., VIII.12 1161b29, p. 133.

  31. See David Brink, “Eudaimonism, Love and Friendship, and Political Community,” Social Philosophy 16, no. 1 (1999): 261.

  32. Aristotle, op. cit., VIII.12 1162a9–14, p. 133.

  33. See ibid., VIII.2 1155a32–1155b10, p. 120, VIII.3 1156b19–22, p. 122; see also Lorraine Smith Pangle, op cit., p. 48.

  34. See Aristotle, op. cit., VIII.9 1159b29–35, p. 129.

  35. See ibid., VII.1 1145b3, p. 100.

  36. See Aristotle, Politics, II.4 1262b3–24, VII.7 1327b37–1328a16.

  37. See Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, VIII.8 1159a28–33, p. 128.

  38. Ibid., IX.4 1166a5–6, p. 141.

  39. Ibid., VIII.12 1161b18–29, pp. 132–133, IX.7 1168a1–2, 24–27, pp. 145–146.

  40. See ibid., VIII.8 1159a27–33, p. 128; see also Vlastos, op. cit., p. 6.

  41. See Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, IX.12 1171b33–1172a1–6, p. 153.

  42. See ibid., VIII.3 1156b4, p. 122, VIII.13 1162b13–16, p. 134.

  43. Ibid., VIII.4 1157a19–20, p. 123, VIII.8 1159b7–12, p. 128.

  44. See ibid., VIII.1 1155a1, p. 119, IX.3 1165b13–17, p. 141, IX.4 1166b1–31, pp. 142–143.

  45. See ibid., VI.12 1144a23–1144b1, pp. 97–98.

  46. See ibid., VIII.3 1156b7–17, p. 122.

  47. See ibid., VIII.9 1159b29–35, p. 129, VIII.8 1159a28–33, p. 128, IX.4 1166a5–6, p. 141.

  48. Ibid., I.3 1094b11–16, 19–21, p. 2.

  49. See ibid., VII.1 1145b2–7, p. 100; see also Topics I.1 100b19–23.

  50. See Irwin, op cit., p. 174.

  51. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, I.3 1094b15–16, p. 2.

  52. See Plato, Euthyphro, in Plato: Complete Works, G.M.A. Grube, trans., John Cooper, ed. (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1997), 7c–d, pp. 6–7; see also Plato, Laws, Thomas Pangle, trans. (New York: Basic Books, 1980), 859c–860c, pp. 252–253; and Plato, Alcibiades I, in The Roots of Political Philosophy, Carnes Lord, trans., Thomas Pangle, ed. (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982), 111b–116d, pp. 185–193.

  53. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, VIII.1 1155a16–22, p. 119.

  54. Ibid., VIII.1 1155a31, p. 120.

  55. See ibid., VIII.6 1158a10–14, p. 125, IX.10 1171a10–13, p. 151.

  56. See ibid., VIII.3 1156b23–24, p. 122.

  57. Ibid., VIII.4 1157a23, p. 124.

  58. See ibid., IX.8 1169a5–6, p. 147, VIII.13 1162b35–36, p. 135.

  59. See Cooper, op cit., p. 320.

  60. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, VIII.1 1155a31, p. 120.

  61. I would like to thank Joshua Parens and also two anonymous referees and Thomas Magnell, the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Value Inquiry, for their comments and assistance.

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    John Tutuska

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Tutuska, J. Friendship and Virtue: A Fruitful Tension in Aristotle’s Account of Philia . J Value Inquiry 44, 351–363 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-010-9221-5

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