Abstract
The history of evolutionary theory in France after 1859 and of genetics after 1900 is unique to this country, and most of it remained poorly understood until the historical studies conducted by Jean Gayon, Richard Burian, Doris Zallen and collaborators. Academic studies and teaching in evolutionary genetics in France developed only after geneticists Philippe L’Héritier (1906–1994) and Georges Teissier (1900–1972) conducted a series of experiments as of 1932. Having a dual background in descriptive zoology and mathematical biology, Teissier and L’Héritier were pioneers in experimental population genetics and were among the first geneticists to draw attention to the maintenance of polymorphism in populations as a major evolutionary issue in the 1930s. L’Héritier and Teissier used population cages (“démomètres”) as the main experimental paradigm to tackle this question. This provided the basis for a scientific school that flourished in Paris after WWII. This school is characterized by its interest in a variety of selective mechanisms potentially leading to a polymorphic equilibrium, even though most of its members remained outside the debates on polymorphism that raged in USA and UK in 1950–1970. L’Héritier and Teissier were generally at odds with neutralism, with the famous exception of the collaboration of one of its members, Maxime Lamotte (1920–2007), with French theoretician Gustave Malécot (1911–1998). This school never abandoned its deep roots in zoology, and while its image in France rested on its interest in Darwinism, it was established institutionally on a network of laboratories and periodicals in zoology, which can be viewed as a source of academic power. This led to some kind of isolation of this school, which eventually dissolved in the 1970s in a rising new generation of geneticists restoring international ties. The contribution of this school to French science is considerable since it introduced three fields: genetics, Darwinism and biological statistics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
He had been de facto awarded this medal in 1946 as the director of a governmental institution (CNRS), but, being a staunch leftist, had not agreed to receive it; the de rigueur ceremony had apparently been skipped.
- 2.
On Lamarckism and neo-Lamarckism as well as Gayons’ study of the inheritance of acquired characters, see the chapter by Tirard, this volume.
- 3.
All translations from French are mine.
- 4.
“Il a fallu qu’un Allemand, Haeckel, apprît à la France que le transformisme avait pour père un véritable français”; a sentence that Duval (1886, p. 437) attributes to Lanessan.
- 5.
André Mayer, like Emmanuel Fauré-Frémiet (Ephrussi’s superviser) and Louis Blaringhem directed a laboratory at the EPHE (École Pratique des Hautes Études). EPHE was the main French research agency; it provided financial support, researchers and assistants to experimental laboratories, on the condition of annual reports; it had been founded by Louis Pasteur, Claude Bernard and other prominent scientists in 1868 to promote scientific research, and was based according to Marcellin Berthelot on “the absolute freedom guaranteed to each of the persons who contribute to the theoretical and practical teaching” (Fournier 1980, p. 17); its members were recruited for life on the basis of scientific excellence, and for this reason were free to encourage whatever they thought was an emergent field (Henriet & Veuille 2018; Veuille 2018a, 2018b). After WWII, EPHE was replaced in this function by several national institutes, including the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), which provided support to laboratories through a renewable term of five years with evaluation; their function was also to define a national strategy of research (Veuille 2018a, 2018b).
- 6.
This short book was published in a collection directed by Teissier that covered all recent advances in mathematical approaches to population biology, with volumes by Lotka, Volterra, Wright, Gause and himself.
- 7.
Many academics became Resistant when Pétain’s collaboration regime took power in France in 1940; the communists joined them after the German invasion of Soviet Union in 1941 and set up the most active group of armed resistance, the FTPs (“Franc-tireurs et Partisans”). Marcel Prenant, a colleague of Teissier in the zoology department of ENS, and a notorious communist, became the head of the headquarters of FTPs. As an intellectual figure, he oversaw coordination between the communist and Gaullist resistances but was not in charge of armed groups. He recruited Teissier as his deputy, and, when caught by the nazis and deported to a concentration camp, was replaced by him. Teissier and the Gaullists succeeded in coordinating their action. Teissier became an official chief of united French resistance and co-signed the order of insurgency of Paris in August 1944, leading to the liberation of the city by the Resistance while the allied army was heading east after the Normandy landing. This action protected the city from destruction, counteracting Hitler’s orders to destroy it. After WWII Teissier became a prominent leader of the French research system as the chairman of the CNRS (National Center of Scientific Research). But due to his political affiliation, pressures led to his resignation after the onset of the Cold War. He was also on a tightrope on the other side. While the Soviet Union was celebrating Lysenko, this overt French leader of scorned “Mendelism-Morganism” raised suspicion from the CP. Prenant, a zoologist, sided with geneticists and was expelled from the central committee of the party.
- 8.
As of 1937, Ephrussi and Teissier became directors of laboratories at the EPHE, which was unusual, if not unprecedented, for simple assistant professors, meaning that their work was fully acknowledged. During WWII Teissier replaced Robert Levy both as professor and director of the ENS zoology department after his dismissal due to Pétain’s so-called “laws on Jews” that barred Jews from teaching positions.
- 9.
This laboratory belonged to a group of three laboratories built while he was chairman of the CNRS. They were the first three genetic institutes ever opened in France (Burian, Gayon and Zallen 1988).
- 10.
- 11.
She had been sentenced to 20 years in prison by a French court under Pétain’s regime, then sentenced to death in absentia by the Germans, but she escaped and hid safely till the end of the war.
- 12.
“We shall not dedarwinize”!
- 13.
Loison (2013) mentions that in his non-scientific writings, including in his academic CVs, Teissier said he believed that some form of cytoplasmic inheritance could reconcile microevolution and macroevolution. Loison adds that Teissier had no time to develop these views in academic journals or in a book. It would be worthwhile to examine this project in the specific context of debates about evolutionary mechanisms in France.
- 14.
As a graduate student, I was rebuked by Bocquet for submitting a manuscript in English to a Canadian journal. I only then found out that I had crossed a line that no researcher in the laboratory had ever crossed.
- 15.
PPD: “petit-pois déridé” (“unwrinkled pea”) is tribute to Mendel, but also means “laughing pea”, a deliberate joke typical of the relaxed and humorous mood of this new period.
References
Abbadie, L., Gignoux, J., Le Roux, X., & Lepage, M. (Eds.). (2005). Lamto: structure, functioning and dynamics of a savanna ecosystem. Springer.
Anxolabéhère, D. (1976). Heterosis overdominance and frequency-dependent selection in Drosophila melanogaster at the sepia locus. Evolution, 30, 523–534.
Anxolabéhère, D., Goux, J.-M., & Périquet, G. (1982). A bias in estimation of variabilities from competition experiments. Heredity, 48, 271–282.
Ashburner, M., & Lemeunier, F. (1976). Relationships within the melanogaster species subgroup of the genus Drosophila (Sophophora). I. Inversion polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 193, 137–157.
Aulard, S. (1990). Polymorphisme chromosomique de Drosophila melanogaster en Afrique et dans les iles de I’Océan Indien. Paris: Doctoral Thesis, P. and M. Curie University.
Baudry, E., Viginier, B., & Veuille, M. (2004). Non-African populations of Drosophila melanogaster have a unique origin. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21, 1482–1891.
Baudry, E., Derome, N., Huet, M., & Veuille, M. (2006). Contrasted polymorphism patterns in a large sample of populations from the evolutionary genetics model Drosophila simulans. Genetics, 173, 759–767.
Bernard, C. (1865). Introduction à l’étude de la médecine expérimentale. Baillière & fils.
Bernard, C. (1867). Rapport sur les progrès et la marche de la physiologie générale en France. Imprimerie impériale: 216.
Blanckaert, Cl. (2009). De la race à l’évolution. Paul Broca et l’anthropologie française (1850–1900). L’Harmattan.
Blanckaert, C., Diara, A., Dougherty, F., Fisher J.-L. et al. (Eds.). (1979). Les néo-lamarckiens français. Revue de synthèse, 95–96.
Blaringhem, L. (1928). Principes et formules de l’hérédité mendélienne. Gauthier-Villard et Cie.
Bocquet, C. (1953). Recherches sur le polymorphisme naturel des Jaera marina (Fabr.). (Isopodes Asellotes). Essai de systématique évolutive. Archives de zoologie expérimentale et générale, 90, 187–450.
Boesiger, E. (1962). Sur le degré d’hérétozygosité des populations naturelles de Drosophila melanogaster et son maintien par la sélection sexuelle. Bulletin biologique de France et de Belgique, 96, 3–122.
Boesiger, E. (1980). Evolutionary biology in France at the time of the evolutionary synthesis. In E. Mayr & W. B. Provine (Eds.), The evolutionary synthesis. Perspectives on the unification of biology (pp. 309–321). Harvard University Press.
Bœuf, F. (1936). Bases scientifiques de l’amélioration des plantes. Lechevalier.
Broca, P. (1867). Congrès international d’anthropologie et d’archéologie préhistorique, 2e session.
Burian, R., & Gayon, J. (1999). The French school of genetics: From physiological and population genetics to regulatory molecular genetics. Annual Review of Genetics, 33, 313–349.
Burian, R., Gayon, J., & Zallen, D. (1988). The singular fate of Genetics in the History of French Biology, 1900–1940. Journal of the History of Biology, 21, 357–402.
Charniaux-Cotton H., (1957). Croissance, régénération et déterminisme endocrinien des caractères sexuels secondaires d’Orchestia gammarella (Pallas). Crustacé amphipode. Thèse.
Chouard, P., & Teissier, G. (1932). Variation de l’intensité de croissance chez les plantules de melon au cours du développement et en fonction de la quantité de réserves disponibles. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences, série des sciences de la vie, 194, 1976–1978.
Conry, Y. (1974). L’introduction du darwinisme en France au XIXe siècle. Vrin.
Crow, J. F. (1995). Motoo Kimura (1924–1994). Genetics, 140, 1–5.
Darwin, C. (1859). The origin of species by means of natural selection. John Murray.
David, J. (1961). Influence de l’état physiologique des parents sur les caractères des descendants; étude chez Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. Thèse.
Delage, Y., & Goldsmith, M. (1909). Les Théories de l’évolution. Flammarion.
Demerec, M. (Ed.) (1959). Genetics and the twentieth century Darwinism. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 24.
Dobzhansky, T. (1947). Adaptive changes induced by natural selection in wild populations of Drosophila. Evolution, 1, 1–16.
Dobzhansky, T. (1965). “Wild” and “domestic” species of Drosophila. In H. G. Baker & G. L. Stebbins (Eds.), The genetics of colonizing species (pp. 533–546). Academic Press.
Dobzhansky, T., & Boesiger, E. (1968). Essai sur l’évolution. Masson.
Duval, M. (1886). Le darwinisme. Delahaye & Lecrosnier.
Ehrman, L. (1967). Further studies on genotype frequency and mating success in Drosophila. American Naturalist, 101, 415–424.
Ephrussi, B., & Teissier, G. (1932). Étude quantitative de la croissance des tissus. I. La Croissance Résiduelle. Arch. Exp. Zellforschung, 13, 1–29.
Falconer, D. S. (1961). Introduction to quantitative genetics. Oliver & Boyd.
Fisher, R. A. (1930). The genetical theory of natural selection. Clarendon Press.
Fisher, R. A., & Ford, E. B. (1950). The “Sewall Wright Effect.” Heredity, 4, 117–119.
Fournier, P. (1980). La terre et la vie : un siècle de recherches. Paris: Publications de la 3e Section de l’École Pratique des Hautes Études.
Gachet, G., Genier, G., Huguet, L. (1961). Traduction partielle et simplifiée de ‘Introduction à la génétique quantitative’ par D. S. Falconer. Hand-out, date unknown posterior to 1961.
Gause, G. F. (1935). Vérifications expérimentales de la théorie mathématique de la lutte pour la vie. Hermann & Cie.
Gayon, J. (1992). Darwin et l’après-Darwin. Une histoire de l’hypothèse de sélection dans la théorie de l’évolution. Kimé.
Gayon, J. (1995). Les premiers pastoriens et l’hérédité. Bulletin de la société d’histoire et d’épistémologie des sciences de la vie, 2, 193–204.
Gayon, J. (1998). Darwinism’s struggle for survival. Cambridge University Press.
Gayon, J. (1999). On the uses of the category of style in the history of science. Philosophy and Rhetoric, 32, 233–246.
Gayon, J. (2006). L’hérédité des caractères acquis : origines d’un terme. In P. Corsi, J. Gayon, G. Gohau, & S. Tirard (Eds.), Lamarck, philosophe de la nature (pp. 105–163). Presses universitaires de France.
Gayon, J. (2013). Claude Bernard et l’hérédité. In F. Duchesneau, J.-J. Kupiec, & M. Morange (Eds.), Claude Bernard. La méthode de la physiologie (pp. 115–132). Éditions rue d’Ulm.
Gayon, J. (2014). Une expérience de sélection naturelle en conditions naturelles : L’Héritier, Neefs et Teissier, 1937. In L. Loison (Ed.), Le laboratoire CNRS de génétique évolutive de Gif. De part et d’autre de l’œuvre de Georges Tessier (pp. 65–80). Hermann.
Gayon, J. (2015). Sexual selection in the French school of population genetics: Claudine Petit (1920–2007). In T. Hoquet (Ed.), Current perspectives on sexual selection. What’s left after Darwin? (pp. 65–81). Springer.
Gayon, J. (2016). Biométrie et génétique des populations. Échanges franco-britanniques dans l’entre-deux guerres. Bulletin d’histoire et d’épistémologie des sciences de la vie, 23, 7–26.
Gayon, J., & Zallen, D. (1998). The role of the Vilmorin company in the promotion and diffusion of the experimental science of heredity in France, 1840–1920. Journal of the History of Biology, 31, 241–262.
Gayon, J., & Burian, R. (2000). France in the era of Mendelism. Comptes-rendus de l’Académie des sciences, série des sciences de la vie, 323, 1097–1106.
Gayon, J., & Veuille, M. (2001). The genetics of experimental populations: L’Héritier and Teissier’s population cages (1932–1954). In R. Singh et al. (Eds.), Thinking about evolution. Historical, philosophical & political perspectives (pp. 77–102). Cambridge University Press.
Gayon, J., & Burian, R. (2004). National traditions and the emergence of genetics: The French example. Nature Reviews Genetics, 5, 150–156.
Gillois, M. (2002). The scientific work of Gustave Malécot (1911–1998); our common heritage. In M. Slatkin & M. Veuille (Eds.), Modern developments in theoretical population genetics. The legacy of Gustave Malécot (pp. 7–19). Oxford University Press.
Haeckel, E. (1874). Histoire de la création des êtres organisés d’après les lois naturelles. Traduction par le Dr. Ch. Létourneau, introduction par Charles Martins. Reinwald.
Haldane, J. B. S. (1932). The causes of evolution. Longmans Green.
Harris, H. (1966). Enzyme polymorphism in man. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences, 164, 298–310.
Henriet, P., & Veuille, M. (2018). Les origines. In P. Henriet (Ed.), École Pratique des Hautes Études: invention, érudition, innovation, de 1868 à nos jours (pp. 25–45). Somogy.
Hubby, J. L., & Lewontin, R. C. (1966). A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. I. The number of alleles at different loci in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics, 54, 546–595.
Huxley, J. S. (1924). Constant differential growth ratios ad their significance. Nature, 114, 895–896.
Huxley, J.-S. (1932). Problems in relative growth. Lincoln Mac Veagh, The Dial Press.
Huxley, J. S., & Teissier, G. (1936a). Terminology of relative growth. Nature, 137, 780–781.
Huxley, J.-S., & Teissier, G. (1936b). Terminologie et notation dans la croissance relative. Comptes-Rendus Hebdomadaires De La Société De Biologie, 121, 934–937.
Huxley, J.-S., & Teissier, G. (1936c). Zur Terminologie des relativen Grössenwachtums. Biologisches Zentralblatt, 56, 381–383.
Ishida, Y. (2009). Sewall Wright and Gustave Malécot on isolation by distance. Philosophy of Science, 76, 784–796.
Ishida, Y., & Rosales, A. (2019). The origins of the stochastic theory of population genetics: the Wright-Fisher model. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 79.
Jacquard, A. (1974). The genetic structure of populations. Springer.
Jacquard, A. (1977). Concepts en génétique des populations. Masson.
Kimura, M. (1968). Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Nature, 217, 624–626.
Kostitzin, V. A. (1934). Symbiose, parasitisme et évolution (étude mathématique). Hermann.
Lachaise, D., Lemeunier, F., & Veuille, M. (1981). Clinal variation in male genitalia in Drosophila teissieri Tsacas. The American Naturalist, 117, 600–608.
Lachaise, D., Cariou, M.-L., David, J. R., Lemeunier, F., & Tsacas, L. (1988). Historical biogeography of the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. Evolutionary Biology, 22, 159–225.
Lachaise, D., Harry, M., Solignac, M., & Lemeunier, F. (2000). Evolutionary novelties in islands: Drosophila santomea, a new melanogaster sister species from São Tomé. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London b: Biological Sciences, 267, 1487–1495.
Lachenal, G. (2015). At home in the postcolony: Ecology, empire and domesticity at the Lamto field station, Ivory Coast. Social Studies of Science, 46, 877–893.
Lamarck, J.-B. (1809). Philosophie zoologique. Dentu.
Lambert, R., & Teisssier, G. (1927). Théorie de la similitude biologique. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris, 184, 121–123.
Lamotte, M. (1951). Recherches sur la structure génétique des populations naturelles de Cepaea nemoralis (L). Éditions Du Bulletin Biologique De La France Et De La Belgique, Suppl., 35, 1–238.
Lamotte, M. (1957). Initiation aux méthodes statistiques en biologie. Masson.
Lamotte, M. (1959). Polymorphism of natural populations of Cepaea nemoralis. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 24, 65–86.
Lamotte, M. (Ed.). (1974). Le polymorphisme dans le règne animal, volume publié par la Société zoologique de France à la mémoire de Georges Teissier. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France n° 37.
Lemeunier, F., David, J. R., Tsacas, L., & Ashburner, M. (1986). The melanogaster species group. In M. Ashburner, H. L. Carson., & J. N. Thompson Jr. (Eds.), The genetics and biology of drosophila V. 3 (pp. 147–256). Academic Press.
Lerner, M. (1954). Genetic homeostasis. Oliver & Boyd.
Lewontin, R. C. (1974). The genetic basis of evolutionary change. Columbia University Press.
L’Héritier, P. (1934). Génétique et évolution, analyse de quelques études mathématiques sur la sélection naturelle. Hermann.
L’Héritier, P. (1949a). Traité de génétique, T. 1: Le mécanisme de l’hérédité; hénétique formelle. Presses Universitaires de France.
L’Héritier, P. (1949b). Traité de génétique, T. 2: la génétique des populations. Presses Universitaires de France.
L’Héritier, P. (1949c). Les méthodes statistiques dans l’expérimentation biologique. Éditions du CNRS.
L’Héritier, P., Neefs, Y., & Teissier, G. (1937). Aptérisme des insectes et sélection naturelle. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences, 204, 907–909.
L’Héritier, P., & Teissier, G. (1937). Une anomalie physiologique héréditaire chez la drosophile. Comptes-Rendus De L’académie Des Sciences, 205, 1099–1101.
Limoges, C. (1980). A second glance at evolutionary biology in France. In E. Mayr & W. Provine (Eds.), The evolutionary synthesis: Perspectives on the unification of biology (pp. 322–328). Harvard University Press.
Loison, L. (2010). Qu’est-ce que le néolamarckisme? Les biologistes français et la question de l’évolution des espèces. Vuibert.
Loison, L. (2013). Georges Teissier (1900–1972) and the modern synthesis in France. Genetics, 195, 295–302.
Loison, L., Gayon, J., & Burian, R. (2016). The contributions—and collapse—of Lamarckian heredity in Pasteurian molecular biology: 1. Lysogeny, 1900–1960. Journal of History of Biology, 50(1), 5–52.
López Beltrán, C. (1992). Human heredity 1750–1870; The construction of a domain. PhD Dissertation, University of London.
Lotka, A. J. (1934). Théorie analytique des associations biologiques. Première Partie: Principes. Hermann.
Lotka, A. J. (1939). Théorie analytique des associations biologiques. Deuxième Partie: Analyse démographique et application particulière à l’espèce humaine. Hermann.
Michaux, J. (2018a). Louis Thaler (1930–2002). In P. Henriet (Ed.), École Pratique des Hautes Études : invention, érudition, innovation, de 1868 à nos jours (pp. 172–173). Somogy.
Michaux, J. (2018b). René Lavocat (1910–2007). In P. Henriet (Ed.), École Pratique des Hautes Etudes : invention, érudition, innovation, de 1868 à nos jours (p. 189). Somogy.
Millstein, R. (2008). Distinguishing drift and selection empirically: The great snail debate of the 1950s. Journal of the History of Biology, 41, 339–367.
Millstein, R. (2009). Concepts of drift and selection in the great snail debate of the 1950s and early 1960s. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 99, 271–298.
Monod, J. (1942). Recherches sur la croissance des bactéries. Hermann & Cie.
Monod, J., & Teissier, G. (1936). Comptes-Rendus De L’académie Des Sciences, 202, 162–164.
Montchamp-Moreau, C., Ginhoux, V., & Atlan, A. (2001). The Y chromosomes of Drosophila simulans are highly polymorphic for their ability to suppress sex-ratio drive. Evolution, 55, 728–737.
Morin, F., & Monod, J. (1942). Sur l’expression analytique de la croissance des populations bactériennes. Revue scientifique, 5, 227–229.
Morrell, J. B. (1979). The chemists breeders: The research school of Liebig and Thomson. Ambix, 19, 1–46.
Nagylaki, T. (1989). Gustave Malécot and the transition from classical to modern population genetics. Genetics, 121, 103–118.
Pasteur, N., Pasteur, G., Bonhomme, F., Catalan, J., & Britton-Davidian, J. (1987). Manuel technique de génétique par électrophorèse des protéines. Lavoisier.
Pearl, R. (1928). The rate of living.
Periquet, G. (1979). Study of some factors maintaining the ‘atrophie gonadique’ character in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetica, 51, 27–32.
Petit, C. (1951). Le rôle de l’isolement sexuel dans l’évolution des populations de Drosophila melanogaster. Bulletin biologique de France et de Belgique, 85, 392–418.
Picard, G., & L’Heritier, P. (1971). A maternally inherited factor inducing sterility in D. melanogaster. Drosophila Information Service, 46, 54–54.
Provine, W. B. (1971). The origins of theoretical population genetics. The University of Chicago Press.
Roger, J. (1979). Les néo-lamarckiens français [présentation]. Revue de synthèse, 95–96, 279–282.
Slatkin, M., & Veuille, M. (Eds.). (2002). Modern developments in theoretical population genetics. The legacy of Gustave Malécot. Oxford University Press.
Solignac, M., Monnerot, M., & Mounolou, J. C. (1986). Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the melanogaster species subgroup of Drosophila. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 23(1), 31–40.
Teissier, G. (1934). Dysharmonies et discontinuités dans la croissance. Hermann.
Teissier, G. (1937). Les lois quantitatives de la croissance. Hermann.
Teissier, G. (1944). Équilibre des gènes létaux dans les populations stationnaires panmictiques. Revue scientifique, 82, 145–154.
Teissier, G. (1958). Titres et travaux scientifiques. Prieur et Robin.
Teissier, G., & Bocquet, C. (1960). Génétique des populations de Sphaeroma serratum; stabilité du polychromatisme local. Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 1, 221–230.
Timofeeff-Ressovsky, N. W. (1940). Mutations and geographicla variation. In J. Huxley (Ed.), The new systematics (pp. 73–136). Oxford University Press.
Tsacas, L., & Lachaise, D. (1974). Quatre nouvelles espèces de la Côte d’lvoire du genre Drosophila, groupe melanogaster et discussion de I’origine du sous-groupe melanogaster (Diptera:Drosophilidae). Annales de l’Université d’Abidjan: Écologie, 7, 193–211.
Valdeyron, G. (1961). Cours de génétique de l’I.N.A. Paris: Centre de Documentation Universitaire et S.E.D.E.S réunis.
Veuille, M. (2018a). La section des sciences naturelles et de physiologie. In P. Henriet (Ed.), École Pratique des Hautes Études : invention, érudition, innovation, de 1868 à nos jours (pp. 59–71). Somogy.
Veuille, M. (2018b). Jean Gayon et l’école française de génétique des populations. In F. Merlin & P. Huneman (Eds.), Philosophie, histoire, biologie: mélanges offerts à Jean Gayon (pp. 135–150). Éditions Matériologiques.
Veuille, M. (2019). Chance, variation and shared ancestry: Population genetics after the synthesis. Journal of the History of Biology, 52, 537–567.
Veuille, M., & King, L. M. (1995). Molecular bases of polymorphism at the Esterase-5B locus of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics, 141, 255–262.
Veuille, M., Bénassi, V., Aulard, S., & Depaulis, F. (1998). Allele-specific population structure of Drosophila melanogaster Alcohol dehydrogenase at the molecular level. Genetics, 149, 971–981.
Viré, M. (1979). La création de la chaire d’étude de ‘L’évolution des êtres organisés’ à la Sorbonne en 1888. Revue De Synthèse, 95–96, 377–392.
Volterra, V., & D’Ancona, V. (1934). Les associations biologiques étudiées au point de vue mathématique. Hermann.
Wright, S. (1932). The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding, and selection. In D. F. Jones (Ed.), Proceedings of the sixth international congress of genetics (pp. 356–366). Genetics Society of America.
Wright, S. (1939). Statistical genetics in relation to evolution. Hermann & Cie.
Wright, S., & Dobzhansky, T. (1946). Genetics of natural populations. XII. Experimental reproduction of some of the changes caused by natural selection in certain populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics, 31, 125–156.
Acknowledgements
I thank Claude Lévi for discussions about the Teissier years. I owe much to the late Lily Joly for help and discussion. I thank Jean-Baptiste Grodwohl for comments on an earlier version of this paper. I thank Françoise Benhamou, Jean Luc Da Lage, Catherine Montchamp-Moreau and Laure Kaiser-Arnauld for iconography. I thank the documentation department of EPHE for keeping the Teissier archives.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Veuille, M. (2023). Jean Gayon and the French School of Population Genetics. In: Méthot, PO. (eds) Philosophy, History and Biology: Essays in Honour of Jean Gayon. History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28157-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28157-0_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-28156-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-28157-0
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)