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No Time for Ethics: How and When Time Pressure Leads to Abusive Supervisory Behavior

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Abstract

We explore in this study whether, how, and when time pressure leads to abusive supervisory behavior. Based on the attentional focus model, we propose that time pressure impairs supervisors’ moral awareness, which increases their subsequent abusive supervisory behavior. We also propose that the trait mindfulness of supervisors mitigates the indirect effect of time pressure on abusive supervisory behavior through moral awareness. Based on an experiment conducted by using eye-tracking methods, Study 1 tests and provides support for the relationships between time pressure and moral awareness (N = 53). In Study 2, we test our full theoretical model through an experience sampling methodology for 10 workdays with data from 61 supervisors and their subordinates. Results revealed that time pressure had an indirect and positive effect on abusive supervisory behavior through the supervisors’ moral awareness. Such an indirect effect was stronger when the trait mindfulness of the supervisors was low rather than high. We conclude this research by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our findings as well as future research directions.

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All data and research materials for this study are available by emailing the corresponding author.

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Funding

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 72172119); Foundation of Humanities and Social Sciences sponsored by Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 21XJA630010); Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from Shaanxi province (Grant No. 2022JC-51).

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  1. School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Zhe Zhang & Xingze Jia

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Appendices

Appendix 1: Chinese Characters of Ethics-Related and Task-Related Words Used in Study 1

Figure 

Fig. 3
figure 3

Chinese characters of ethics-related and task-related words used in study 1

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3 shows the Chinese characters of ethics-related words and task-related words used in Study 1 visual attentional task.

Appendix 2

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Table 3 CFA results in study 2
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3.

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Zhang, Z., Jia, X. No Time for Ethics: How and When Time Pressure Leads to Abusive Supervisory Behavior. J Bus Ethics 188, 807–825 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-023-05510-0

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