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  1. Problems with Strong Emergentism.Emmanuel Ifeanyi Ani - 2017 - Journal of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research 34 (1):111-127.
    Strong emergentists face a quadruple dilemma: accept the physical closure principle and deny strong emergentism, deny the closure principle and court either substance or property dualism, accept substance dualism and kill emergentism by accepting vitalism or accept property dualism and get locked into the fallacy of reconciling upward emergence with downward causation without the help of any external agency. Strong emergentists would most likely choose, and I seek to show that it contains contradictions that kill emergentism nonetheless. This is because (...)
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