La crisis del estado-nación y la teoría de la soberanía en Hegel

Recerca.Revista de Pensament I Anàlisi 3 (3):55-80 (2012)
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Abstract

El fenómeno de la globalización pone en crisis la teoría de la soberanía nacional, porque el Estad-Nación, configurado por la modernidad no consigue ya controlar y proteger su territorio y, menos aún, garantizar la legitimación de sus decisiones y poder, con el fin de fomentar un proyecto político. La soberanía moderna ha sido elaborada a partir del Estado-Nación, cerrado sobre sí mismo en su territorio, volcado hacia las guerras de expansión contra otros Estados. El predominio de la soberanía interna oculta la dimensión inter-estatal, mientras que la soberanía postmoderna se construye a partir del Imperio Mundial, que ignora los Estado nacionales. Se verifica un traspaso del poder hacia la soberanía externa en detrimento de la garantía nacional. En efecto, tanto el primer como el segundo modo de soberanía se hunden en los extremos del silogismo, es decir, no entienden la soberanía interna y externa como una forma de mediación. A mi parecer Hegel propone una adecuada "tensión mediadora" entre los dos momentos de la soberanía.The phenomenon of globalization has brought the theory of the modern sovereignty into crisis, as the Nation-State, forged by modernity, is no longer able to control and protect its territory, and even less able to guarantee its people the legitimacy of its decisions, in the fostering of a political project. Modern sovereignty has developed from the initial starting point of the Nation-State, enclosed within itself in its own territory, and through wars of expansion against other States. The predominance of internal sovereignty eclipses the inter-state dimension, while post-modern sovereignty is constructed on the basis of a World Empire that ignores Nation-States. We are witnessing a displacement of power towards external sovereignty to the detriment of a national affirmation. Now, both the first and the second models of sovereignty are floundering in the extremes of the syllogism. In other words, internal and external sovereignty are not understood as a form of mediation. Hegel, in our opinion, puts forward the right "mediating tension" between the two moments of sovereignty theory.

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Agemir Bavaresco
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul

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