Fe y razón en la lectura del pensamiento patrístico y medieval de Joseph Ratzinger-Benedicto XVI

Ciencia Tomista 138 (444):107-132 (2011)
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Abstract

Una mirada a cuatro de las primeras obras de Joseph Ratzinger-Benedicto XVI, redactadas entre los años 1951 y 1962, y dedicadas sucesivamente a san Agustín, san Buenaventura, la validez de la síntesis patrística y medieval de fe y razón, y el axioma escolástico “gratia supponit naturam”, pone de manifiesto la importancia y algunos rasgos específicos de su lectura del pensamiento patrístico y medieval en lo referente a la temática fe y razón, que constituirá un elemento fundamental de su “forma de pensamiento” en su reflexión teológica posterior. Entre los rasgos característicos de dicha lectura, pueden destacarse: la valoración del diálogo con la filosofía y la síntesis de fe y razón como esencial al cristianismo; una comprensión de la razón humana como razón creatural, capaz de verdad y ordenada a una existencia extática, llamada a purificarse y a ampliar su horizonte a través del encuentro con la fe, sin por ello dejar de ser ella misma, sino para serlo con mayor plenitud; la integración entre formas de pensamiento histórico-salvífico y metafísico, y de lenguaje simbólico y conceptual; la proximidad de su maestro Gottlieb Söhngen; y una comprensión de los Padres de la Iglesia y los doctores medievales como interlocutores y maestros de pensamiento siempre actuales.A look at the first four works by Joseph Ratzinger, Benedict XVI, written between 1951 and 1962, and devoted successively to St Augustine, St Bonaventure, the validity of a patristic synthesis of faith and reason and the scholastic axiom “gratia supponit natura”, shows the importance and some specific features of the reading of the patristic and medieval ideas in relation to the themes of faith and reason that will be a fundamental element of his “form of thought” in his subsequent theological reflection. Among the characteristic features of such reading, it can be pointed out: the appraisal of the dialogue with philosophy and a synthesis of faith and reason as something essential to Christianity; also, an understanding of human reason as creaturely reason capable of a truth directed to an ecstatic existence, destined to be purified and to widen its horizon through faith but continuing being itself in all its fullness; also, the integration among the historic-salvific forms and metaphysic thought, the symbolic and conceptual language, the proximity of his master Gottlieb Söhngen; and, last, an understanding of the Church Fathers and medieval doctors as speakers and masters of the ever modern thought.

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