Linked bibliography for the SEP article "Arabic and Islamic Philosophy of Religion" by Jon McGinnis and Rahim Acar
This is an automatically generated and experimental page
If everything goes well, this page should display the bibliography of the aforementioned article as it appears in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, but with links added to PhilPapers records and Google Scholar for your convenience. Some bibliographies are not going to be represented correctly or fully up to date. In general, bibliographies of recent works are going to be much better linked than bibliographies of primary literature and older works. Entries with PhilPapers records have links on their titles. A green link indicates that the item is available online at least partially.
This experiment has been authorized by the editors of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The original article and bibliography can be found here.
Primary Sources
- ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. 1025)
- [al-Taʿdīl], al-Mughnī fī
abwāb al-tawḥīd wa-l-ʿadl, Aḥmad
Fuʾād al-Ahwānī (ed.), Cairo: al-Dār
al-Miṣriyya lil-Taʾlīf wa-l-Nashr, vol. 6, part 1:
al-Taʿdīl wa-l-tajwīr, 1962. (Scholar)
- [al-Aṣlaḥ], al-Mughnī fī
abwāb al-tawḥīd wa-l-ʿadl,
Muṣṭafā al-Saqqā (ed.), Cairo: al-Dār
al-Miṣriyya lil-Taʾlīf wa-l-Nashr, vol. 14:
al-Aṣlaḥ, istiḥqāq al-dhamm, al-tawba,
1965.
- [SUK], Sharḥ al-Usūl al-khamsa, ʿAbd
al-Karīm Uthmān (ed.), Cairo: Maktabat al-Wahba, 1996; first
printing 1965.
- Ashʿarī, Abū l-Ḥasan (d. 935/6)
- [MI], Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn, Hellmut
Ritter (ed.), second edition, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1980.
First edition published in 1929. (Scholar)
- [EIF], al-Ibāna ʿan Uṣūl al-Diyāna:
The Elucidation of Islam’s Foundation, Walter C. Klein
(trans.), New Haven, CT: American Oriental Association, 1940. (Scholar)
- [TAAT], The Theology of al-Ashʻarī: The Arabic Texts
of al-Ashʻarī’s Kitāb al-Lumaʻ and
Risālat Istiḥsān al-khawḍ fī ʻilm
al-kalām, Richard J. McCarthy (ed./tran.), Beirut:
Imprimerie Catholique, 1953. (Scholar)
- Avicenna (d. 1037)
- [AT], Avicenna on Theology, Arthur J. Arberry (trans.),
Westpoint, CT: Hyperion Press, 1951. (Scholar)
- [DA], Avicenna’s De Anima
(Arabic Text), Being the Psychological Part of the Kitāb
al-Shifāʾ, Fazlur Rahman (ed.), London: Oxford
University Press, 1959. (Scholar)
- [al-Najāt], Kitāb al-Najāt fī
l-ḥikma al-manṭiqiyya wa-l-ṭabīʿiyya
wa-al-Ilāhiyya, Majid Fakhry (ed.), Beirut: Dār
al-Āfāqi l-Jadīda, 1985.
- [ITN1], Ibn Sina’s Remarks & Admonitions: Physics
& Metaphysics, An Analysis and Annotated Translation (=
al-Ishārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt,
nimāṭ 1–7), Shams C. Inati (trans.), New York:
Columbia University Press, 2014. (Scholar)
- [ITN2], Ibn Sina and Mysticism: Remarks and Admonitions, Part
Four (= al-Ishārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt,
nimāṭ 8–10), Shams Inati (trans.), London &
New York: Kegan Paul International, 1996.
- [MetaH] The Metaphysics of The
Healing, Michael E. Marmura (ed./trans.), Provo, Utah:
Brigham Young University Press, 2005.
- [PhysH], The Physics of The
Healing, Jon McGinnis (ed./trans.), Provo, Utah: Brigham
Young University Press, 2009.
- Bāqillānī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ṭayyib (d.
1013)
- [al-Tamhīd], Kitāb al-Tamhīd,
Richard J. McCarthy (ed.), Beirut: Librairie Orientale, 1957. (Scholar)
- Fārābī, Abū Naṣr (d. 950)
- [al-Siyāsa], al-Siyāsa l-madaniyya
l-mulaqqab bi-mabādiʾ al-mawjūdāt, Fauzi
Najjār (ed.), Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique, 1964.
- [Perfect State], al-Farabi on the Perfect State
(Mabādiʼ ārāʼ ahl al-madīnat
al-fāḍilah), Richard Walzer (ed./trans.), Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1985.
- [al-Tanbīh], al-Tanbīh ʿalá
sabīl al-saʿāda, Jaʿfar Āl
Yāsīn (ed.), Beirut: Dār al-Manāhil, 1985.
- [al-Milla], Kitāb al-Milla wa
nuṣūṣ ukhrā, Muḥsin Mahdī (ed.),
third edition, Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 2001.
- Alfarabi: The Political Writings, Volume 1: “Selected
Aphorisms” and Other Texts, Charles E. Butterworth
(trans.), Ithaca, NY/London: Cornell University Press, 2001. (Scholar)
- al-Taʿlīqāt, Seyyed Hossein Mousavian
(ed.), Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy, 2014.
- Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid (d. 1111)
- [al-Munqidh], al-Munqidh min ḍalāl
(Erreuer et Délivrance), Farid Jabre (ed./trans.), Beirut:
Libraire Orientale B.P., 1969. (Scholar)
- [Deliverance], Deliverance from Error: An Annotated
Translation of al-Munqidh min
al-Ḍalāl and Other Relevant Works of
Ghazālī, Richard J. McCarthy (trans.), Louisville, KY:
Fons Vitae, 1980.
- [Incoherence], The Incoherence of the
Philosophers, Michael E. Marmura (ed./trans.), Provo: Brigham
Young University Press, 2000.
- [FDU], Faith in Divine Unity and Trust in Divine Providence:
The Revival of the Religious Sciences Book XXXV, David B. Burrell
(trans.), Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2001.
- A Return to Purity in Creed, ʿAbduhhāh bin
Ḥamīd ʿAlī (trans.), Philadelphia, PA: Lamp Post
Productions, 2008.
- [Moderation], Ghazālī’s Moderation
in Belief, Aladdin M. Yaqub
(trans.), Chicago & London: Chicago University Press, 2013. (Scholar)
- [Forty Principles], Al-Ghazālī’s
Forty Principles of the Religion (al-Arbaʿin fī
Uṣūl al-Dīn), Nasir Abdussalam (trans.), London:
Turath Publishing, 2016. (Scholar)
- Ibn al-ʿArabī, Muḥyī al-Dīn (d. 1240)
- al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya (a), [***no
editor given [JM]***?], Cairo: Dār al-kutub
al-ʿArabiyya al-kubra, 1911. (Scholar)
- al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya (b), I–XIII,
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Sulṭān al-Manṣūb
(ed.), Cairo: al-Majlis al-aʿlā lil-Thaqāfa, 2017.
- Ibn Fūrak, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan (d. 1015)
- [Mujarrad Maqālāt], Mujarrad
Maqālāt al-Shaykh Abī al-Ḥasan
al-Ashʿarī, Daniel Gimaret (ed.), Beirut: Dār
al-Mashriq, 1987. (Scholar)
- Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad (d. 855)
- Al-Radd ʿalá l-jahmiyya, wa-l-zanādiqa,
Sabri b. Salāma Shāhīn (ed.), Riyad: Dār
al-Thabāt lil-Nashr wa-l-Tawzīʿ, 2003.
- Ibn al-Malāhimī (d. 1141)
- [al-Fāʾiq], Kitāb al-Fāʾiq
fī uṣūl al-dīn, W. Madelung and M. McDermott
(eds), Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy, 2007.
- Ibn Mattawayh
- [al-Tadhkira], al-Tadhkira fī aḥkām
al-jawāhir wa-l-aʿrāḍ, Daniel Gimaret (ed.),
2 vols., Cairo: Institut français d’archèologie
orientale, 2009.
- Ibn Rushd (or Averroes, d. 1198)
- [Tahafut], Averroès’ Tahafot
al-Tahafot, Maurice Bouyges (ed.), Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq
Sarl, 1992. Translated in Averroes’ Tahafut al-Tahafut
(The Incoherence of the Incoherence), Simon van den Bergh
(trans.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1954. (Scholar)
- [Metaphysics], Ibn Rushd’s Metaphysics: A
Translation with Introduction of Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on
Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Book Lām, Charles Genequand
(trans.), Leiden: Brill, 1986. doi:10.1163/9789004451087 (Scholar)
- [Questions], Averroes’ Questions in Physics:
from the unpublished Sêfer ha-derûšîm
ha-tibʼîyîm, Helen Tunik Goldstein (ed./tran.),
(The new Synthese historical library : texts and
studies in the history of philosophy 39), Dordrecht/Boston: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1991. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2151-1 (Scholar)
- [Decisive], Decisive Treatise & Epistle
Dedicatory, Charles E. Butterworth (ed./trans.), Provo, Utah:
Brigham Young University Press, 2001.
- [Expositions], Faith and Reason in Islam:
Averroes’ Exposition of Religious
Arguments, Ibrahim Y. Najjar (trans.), Oxford: Oneworld
Publication, 2001. (Scholar)
- Ibn Ṭufayl (d. 1185)
- [HIY], Hayy Ibn Yaqzān, Lenn E. Goodman (trans.),
Los Angeles, CA: Gee Tee Bee, 2003. (Scholar)
- Juwaynī, Imām al-Haramayn (d. 1085)
- [Al-Irshād], Kitāb al-Irshād
ilá qawāṭiʿ al-adilla fī uṣūl
al-iʿtiqād, Muḥammad Yūsuf Mūsā
and ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿAbd
al-Ḥamīd (eds), Cairo: Maktabat al-Khānjī,
2002. (Scholar)
- [Proofs], A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the
Principles of Belief, (Kitāb al-Irshād ilá
qawāṭiʿ al-adilla fī uṣūl
al-iʿtiqād), Paul E. Walker (trans.), Reading, UK:
Garnet Press, 2000.
- Kindī, Abū Yūsuf (d. ca. 866)
- [RKF], Rasāʾil al-Kindī l-falsafiyya,
Muhammad Abū Rīda (ed.), Cairo: Dār al-Fikr
al-ʿArabī, 1950–1953.
- [PWK], The Philosophical Works of al-Kindī, Peter
Adamson and Peter E. Porman (trans.), Oxford/New York: Oxford
University Press, 2012.
- Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr (d. 944)
- [KT] Kitāb al-Tawḥīd, Bekir
Topaloğlu and Muhammed Aruçi (eds.), Ankara: İSAM,
2003.
- Mullā Ṣadrā (d. 1636)
- [Penetrations], 2014, The Book of Metaphysical
Penetrations: A Parallel English-Arabic Text, Seyyed Hossein Nasr
(ed./trans.), Provo: Brigham Young University, 2014. (Scholar)
- Nasafī, Abū l-Muʿīn Maymūn ibn
Muḥammad (d. 1115)
- [TA], Tabṣirat al-adilla, Hüseyin Atay and
Şaban Ali Düzgün (eds), Ankara: Diyanet
İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları,
2003. (Scholar)
- Rāzī, Abū Ḥātim (d. ca. 933)
- The Proofs of Prophecy: A Parallel English-Arabic Text
(Aʻlām al-nubūwah), Tarif Khalidi
(ed./trans.), Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 2011.
- Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn (d. 1210)
- [Opinions], Muḥaṣṣal afkār
al-mutaqaddimīn wa-l-mutaʾakhkhirīn min
al-ʿulamāʾ wa-l-ḥukamāʾ
wa-l-mutakallimīn, Ṭāhā ʿAbd
al-Raʾūf Saʿd (ed.), Cairo: Maktabat al-Kulliyyāt
al-Azhariyya, 1978. (Scholar)
- [al-Maṭālib], al-Maṭālib
al-ʿāliyya min al-ʿilm al-ilāhī,
Aḥmad Ḥijāzī al-Saqqā (ed.), Beirut:
Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1987.
- Shahrastānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm (d. 1153)
- [Summa], The Summa Philosophiae of
al-Shahrastānī, Kitāb Nihāyatu ’l-iqdām
fī ʿilmi ’l-kalām, Alfred Guillaume
(ed./trans.), London: Oxford University Press, 1934. (Scholar)
- [al-Milal], al-Milal wa-l-niḥal,
Aḥmad Fahmī Muḥammad (ed.), 3 vols., Beirut: Dār
al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1992.
- Taftāzānī, Masʿūd ibn ʿUmar (d.
1390)
- [Creed], 1950, A Commentary on the Creed of Islam:
Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī on the Creed of Najm
al-Dīn al-Nasafī, Earl Edgar Elder (trans.), New York:
Columbia University Press, 1950. (Scholar)
- Tirmidhī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī Ḥakīm
(d. ca. 869)
- Kitāb Ithbāt al-ʿilal, Khālid
Zahrī (ed.), Rabat: Jāmiʻat Muḥammad
al-Khāmis, Kulliyyat al-Ādāb wa-l-ʿUlūm
al-Insāniyya, 1998.
Selections from several of the above are translated in
- [MR07] McGinnis, Jon and David C. Reisman (eds.), 2007,
Classical Arabic Philosophy: An Anthology of Sources,
Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company. (Scholar)
Secondary Sources
- Abou El Fadl, Khaled, Ahmad Atif Ahmad, and Said Fares Hassan
(eds.), 2019, Routledge Handbook of Islamic Law, (Routledge
Handbooks), London/New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315753881 (Scholar)
- Acar, Rahim, 2010, “Creation: Avicenna’s Metaphysical
Account”, in Creation and the God of Abraham, David B.
Burrell, Carlo Cogliati, Janet M. Soskice, and William R. Stoeger
(eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press, 77–90.
doi:10.1017/cbo9780511778063.008 (Scholar)
- Adamson, Peter, 2021, Al-Rāzī, (Great Medieval
Thinkers), New York: Oxford University Press.
doi:10.1093/oso/9780197555033.001.0001 (Scholar)
- Alston, William P., 1985, “Functionalism and Theological Language”, American Philosophical Quarterly 22(3): 221–230. (Scholar)
- Al-Akiti, M. Afifi, 2004, “The Three Properties of
Prophethood in Certain Works of Avicenna and
Al-Ġazālī”, in Interpreting Avicenna: Science
and Philosophy in Medieval Islam: Proceedings of the Second Conference
of the Avicenna Study Group, Jon McGinnis (ed.), Leiden/Boston:
Brill, 189–212. doi:10.1163/9789047405818_014 (Scholar)
- Amin, Wahid M., 2020, “‘From the One, Only One
Proceeds’: The Post-Classical Reception of a Key Principle of
Avicenna’s Metaphysics”, Oriens, 48(1–2):
123–155. doi:10.1163/18778372-04801005 (Scholar)
- Black, Deborah L., 2006, “Knowledge (‘Ilm) and Certitude (yaqīn) in al-Fārābī’s Epistemology”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 16(1): 11–45. doi:10.1017/s0957423906000221 (Scholar)
- Burrell, David B., 1986, Knowing the Unknowable God: Ibn-Sina, Maimonides, Aquinas, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. (Scholar)
- Byrne, Celia, 2019, “The Role of Essentially Ordered Causal
Series in Avicenna’s Proof for the Necessary Existent in the
Metaphysics of the Salvation”, History of
Philosophy Quarterly 36(2): 121–38. (Scholar)
- Chittick, William C., 2005, Ibn ʿArabi, Heir to the
Prophets, Oxford: Oneworld Publications. (Scholar)
- Davidson, Herbert A., 1992, Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes, on Intellect: Their Cosmologies, Theories of the Active Intellect, and Theories of Human Intellect, New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
- Dadikhuda, Davlat, 2020, “Rule of the One: Avicenna, Bahmanyār, and al-Rāzī on the Argument from the Mubāḥathāt”, Nazariyat İslam Felsefe ve Bilim Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy and Sciences), 6(2): 69–97. doi:10.12658/nazariyat.6.2.m0114en (Scholar)
- Emon, Anver M., 2010, Islamic Natural Law Theories, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579006.001.0001 (Scholar)
- Erlwein, Hannah C., 2019, “Ibn Sīnā’s Moral
Ontology and Theory of Law”, in Philosophy and Jurisprudence
in the Islamic World, Peter Adamson (ed.), Berlin/Boston: De
Gruyter, 29–52. doi:10.1515/9783110552386-004 (Scholar)
- Fakhry, Majid, 1958, Islamic Occasionalism and Its Critique by Averroes and Aquinas, London: George Allen and Unwin. (Scholar)
- Frank, Richard M., 1978, “Reason and revealed law: a sample
of parallels and divergences in kalām and falsafa”, in
Georges C. Anawati et Louis Gardet, Recherches
d’Islamologie: recueil d’articles offert à Georges
C. Anawati et Louis Gardet, Louvain: Peeters Publishers,
123–38. (Scholar)
- –––, 1989, “Knowledge and Taqlîd: The Foundations of Religious Belief in Classical Ashʿarism”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 109(1): 37–62. doi:10.2307/604336 (Scholar)
- Griffel, Frank, 2004, “Al-Ġazālī’s Concept of Prophecy: The Introduction of Avicennan Psychology into Aš‘arite Theology”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 14(1): 101–144. doi:10.1017/s0957423904000025 (Scholar)
- Hansberger, Rotraud, 2010, “Kitāb al-Ḥiss
wa-l-maḥsūs: Aristotle’s Parva naturalia in
Arabic Guise”, in Pierre-Marie Morel and Christophe Grellard
(eds.) Les Parva naturalia d’Aristote: Fortune antique et
médiévale, Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne
Series, 143–62,DOI : 10.4000/books.psorbonne.17595 (Scholar)
- Hourani, George Fadlo, 1971, Islamic Rationalism: The Ethics of ʿAbd al-Jabbār, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
- –––, 1985, Reason and Tradition in Islamic Ethics, Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511570780 (Scholar)
- Kalin, Ibrahim, 2014, Mullā Ṣadrā, New
Delhi: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
- Kogan, Barry S., 1985, Averroes and the Metaphysics of Causation, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
- López-Farjeat, Luis Xavier, 2016, “Causality in
Islamic Philosophy”, in The Routledge Companion to Islamic
Philosophy, Richard C. Taylor and Luis Xavier
López-Farjeat (eds.), London/New York: Routledge,
131–40. (Scholar)
- Marmura, Michael E., 1960, “Avicenna and the Problem of the Infinite Number of Souls”, Mediaeval Studies, 22: 232–239; reprint in Marmura 2005 171–9. doi:10.1484/j.ms.2.305953 (Scholar)
- –––, 1964, “Avicenna’s Theory of
Prophecy in the Light of Ashʿarite Teleology” in W. S.
McCullough (ed.), The Seed of Wisdom: Essays in Honour of T. J.
Meek, Toronto: Toronto University Press, 159–78; reprint in
Marmura 2005: 197–216. (Scholar)
- –––, 1989, “Ghazālī on Bodily
Resurrection and Causality in the Tahāfut and
Iqtiṣād”, Aligarh Journal of Islamic
Thought 2: 46–75; reprint in Marmura 2005:
273–99. (Scholar)
- –––, 2005, Probing in Islamic Philosophy: Studies in the Philosophies of Ibn Sina, al-Ghazali and Other Major Muslim Thinkers, New York: Global Academic Publishing. (Scholar)
- Mayer, Toby, 2001, “Ibn Sina’s ‘Burhan
Al-Siddiqin’”, Journal of Islamic Studies, 12(1):
18–39. doi:10.1093/jis/12.1.18 (Scholar)
- McGinnis, Jon, 2010a, “Avicennan Infinity: A Select History of the Infinite through Avicenna”, Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medieval, 21: 199–221. (Scholar)
- –––, 2010b, Avicenna, (Great Medieval Thinkers), New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331479.001.0001 (Scholar)
- –––, 2022, “Simple Is as Simple Does:
Plantinga and Ghazālī on Divine Simplicity”,
Religious Studies, 58(S1): S97–S109.
doi:10.1017/s0034412522000130 (Scholar)
- Morewedge, Parviz, 1979, “A Third Version of the Ontological
Argument in the Ibn Sinian Metaphysics”, in P. Morewedge (ed.)
Islamic Philosophical Theology, Albany, NY: State University
of New York Press, 188–222. (Scholar)
- Ormsby, Eric Linn, 1984, Theodicy in Islamic Thought: The
Dispute over al-Ghazali’s “Best of All Possible
Worlds”, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
- Perler, Dominik and Rudolph, Ulrich, 2000, Occasionalismus: Theorien der Kausalität im arabisch-islamischen und im europäischen Denken, (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse 3), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. (Scholar)
- Peterson, Michael, William Hasker, Bruce Reichenbach, and David Basinger, 2012, Reason and Religious Belief: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion, fifth edition, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
- Plantinga, Alvin, 1980, Does God Have a Nature, Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press. (Scholar)
- Rahman, Fazlur, 1975, The Philosophy of Mullā
Ṣadrā (Ṣadr al-Dīn
al-Shirāzī), Albany, NY: State University of New York
Press. (Scholar)
- Rashed, Marwan, 2000, “Abū Bakr al-Rāzī et le
kalām”, MIDEO, 24: 39–54.
doi:10.2143/mid.24.0.565631 (Scholar)
- Rudolph, Ulrich, 1996 [2015], Al-Māturīdī und
die sunnitische Theologie in Samarkand, (Islamic philosophy,
theology, and science 30), Leiden/New York: E.J. Brill. Translated as
Al-Maturidi and the Development of Sunni Theology in
Samarqand, Rodrigo Adem (trans.), (Islamic History and
Civilization / Studies and Texts 100), Boston/Leiden: Brill.
doi:10.1163/9789004452138 (de) doi:10.1163/9789004261846 (en) (Scholar)
- Sabra, Abdelhamid I., 2006, “Kalām Atomism as
an Alternative Philosophy to Hellenizing Falsafa”, in
James E. Montgomery (ed.), Arabic Theology, Arabic Philosophy,
From the Many to the One: Essays in Celebration of Richard M.
Frank, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, 152, Leuven/Paris/Dudley,
MA: Peeters Publishers & Department of Oriental Studies,
199–272. (Scholar)
- Schmidtke, Sabine, 2016a, “The Muʿtazilite Movement
(III): The Scholastic Phase”, in Schmidtke 2016b: 159–180
(ch. 9). (Scholar)
- ––– (ed.), 2016b, The Oxford Handbook of
Islamic Theology, (Oxford Handbooks), Oxford: Oxford University
Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.001.0001 (Scholar)
- Schöck, Cornelia, 2016, “Jahm b. Ṣafwān (d.
128/745–6) and the ‘Jahmiyya’ and Ḍirār
b. ʿAmr (d. 200/815)”, in Schmidtke 2016b: 55–80 (ch.
3). (Scholar)
- Shihadeh, Ayman, 2006, The Teleological Ethics of Fakhr
Al-Dīn al-Rāzī, (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and
Science. Texts and Studies 64), Leiden/Boston: Brill.
doi:10.1163/9789047409007 (Scholar)
- –––, 2021, “Psychology and Ethical
Epistemology: An Ashʿarī Debate with Muʿtazilī
Ethical Realism, 11th–12th C.”, Journal of Arabic and
Islamic Studies, 21(2): 81–102. doi:10.5617/jais.9573 (Scholar)
- Siddiqui, Sohaira Zahid M., 2019, Law and Politics under the
Abbasids: An Intellectual Portrait of al-Juwayni, (Cambridge
Studies in Islamic Civilization), Cambridge/New York: Cambridge
University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108654784 (Scholar)
- Stroumsa, Sarah, 1999, Freethinkers of Medieval Islam: Ibn al-Rawāndī, Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, and Their Impact on Islamic Thought, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
- Taylor, Richard, 2018, “Averroes and the Philosophical Account of Prophecy”, Studia graeco-arabica, 8: 287–304. (Scholar)
- Van Ess, Josef, 2000, “Tashbīh wa-Tanzīh”,
in P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. Van Donzel and W.
P. Heinrighs (eds.) The Encyclopedia of Islam, second
edition, vol. X, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
- Vasalou, Sophia, 2008, Moral Agents and their Deserts: The Character of Muʿtazilite Ethics, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
- Walzer, Richard, 1957, “Al-Fārābī’s
Theory of Prophecy and Divination”, The Journal of Hellenic
Studies, 77(1): 142–148. doi:10.2307/628647 (Scholar)
- Watt, W. Montgomery, 1973, The Formative Period of Islamic
Thought, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. (Scholar)
- –––, 1992, Islamic Philosophy and Theology: An Extended Survey, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. (Scholar)
- Williams, Wesley, 2002, “Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad
Ibn Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic
Discourse”, International Journal of Middle East
Studies, 34(3): 441–463. doi:10.1017/s0020743802003021 (Scholar)
- Winter, Timothy (ed.), 2008, The Cambridge Companion to
Classical Islamic Theology, (Cambridge Companions to Religion),
Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
doi:10.1017/ccol9780521780582 (Scholar)
- Wolfson, Harry Austryn, 1976, The Philosophy of Kalam,
Cambridge/London: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
- Zarepour, M. S., 2022, Necessary Existence and Monotheism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108938112 (Scholar)