Del sujeto moderno al individuo artista en el joven Nietzsche

Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana 24:31-49 (2004)
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Abstract

Nietzsche, desde El Nacimiento de la Tragedia, critica despiadadamente al sujeto de la modernidad. El sujeto moderno, heredero del hombre teorético o socrático, es sustancia y centro del universo objetivado. Convertido en pensamiento y razón pura, se ha desgajado del Uno primario y se ha convertido en el hijo perdido de la naturaleza. Ésta, a su vez, está, como objeto, arrojada enfrente y considerada como enemiga; como tal, se encuentra avasallada por el sujeto moderno. Nietzsche propone el individuo artista como alternativa al sujeto moderno. Imitador de las dos potencias artísticas, a saber, la dionisiaca y la apolínea, su principal característica consiste en saberse accidente o fenómeno de la Voluntad cósmica y negar su total autonomía e independencia de la naturaleza. Esencialmente disarmónico, el individuo artista refleja en su obra la contradicción interna que enfrenta su tendencia centrípeta hacia la unidad cósmica con su tendencia centrífuga hacia la dispersión fenoménica, múltiple e individual.Starting with Die Geburt der Tragödi , Nietzsche criticizes the subject of modernity mercilessly. The modern subject, heir of the theoretical and Socratic man, is the substance and center of an objectified universe. Converted into thought and pure reason, he has become cut off from the primary One and transformed into the lost son of nature. At the same time, nature is objectified and considered an enemy; as such, it is enslaved by the modern subject. Nietzsche proposes the artistic individual as an alternative to the modern subject. Imitator of the two artistic powers, the Dionysian and Apollonian, his principal characteristics are knowing that his self is an accident or phenomenon of cosmic Will and denying his total autonomy and independence from nature. The artistic individual is essentially inharmonic and his works reflect the internal contradiction that opposes the centripetal tendency towards cosmic unity against the centrifugal tendency toward multiple and individual phenomenal dispersion

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