Primary Sources

Kant

Citations from Kant’s works, except for the Critique of Pure Reason, are by volume and page numbers of the Akademie edition of Kant’s gesammelte Schriften (Berlin, 1902—); the Critique of Pure Reason is cited by the standard A and B pagination of the first (1781) and second (1787) editions respectively. Although all translations from Kant’s writings are our own, we follow the reference to the Akademie edition (except in the case of the Critique of Pure Reason) with references to the translations in the now standard Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, as follows:

• Critique of Pure Reason, translated and edited by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
• Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, translated and edited by Gary Hatfield, revised edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
• Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, translated and edited by Michael Friedman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
• Theoretical Philosophy, 1755–1770, translated and edited by David Walford, in collaboration with Ralf Meerbote (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992). This volume contains translations of Kant’s pre-critical writings, including Attempt to Introduce the Concept of Negative Magnitudes into Philosophy (1763) and Dreams of a Spirit-Seer Explained by Dreams of Metaphysics (1766). (Scholar)

Hume

• Citations from Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature (abbreviated as T) are from the David Fate Norton and Mary J. Norton edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), and thus include book, part, section, and paragraph numbers; we also add the corresponding page numbers in the L. A. Selby-Bigge second edition (abbreviated as SBN), with revised text and notes by P. H. Nidditch (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978). (Scholar)
• Citations from Hume’s An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding (abbreviated as EHU) are from the Tom L. Beauchamp edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), and thus include section and paragraph numbers; we also add the corresponding page numbers in Enquiries concerning Human Understanding and concerning the Principles of Morals, edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge, third edition (abbreviated as SBN), with revised text and notes by P. H. Nidditch (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975). (Scholar)
• Citations from Hume’s The History of England (abbreviated as HE, and cited by volume and page numbers) are from the reprint of the final edition of 1778, containing the author’s last corrections and improvements (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1983). (Scholar)

Locke

• Citations from Locke’s An Essay concerning Human Understanding are from the Peter H. Nidditch edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975), and include the Roman numerals of the book and chapter, followed by the Arabic numeral of the section. (Scholar)

Newton

• Citations from Newton’s Principia are to The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, translated and edited by I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman, assisted by Julia Budenz (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999), and are given in the form (Principia, page numbers). (Scholar)
• Citations from Newton’s Opticks are to Opticks: or A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections & Colours of Light, based on the fourth edition, London 1730 (New York: Dover, 1979), and are given in the form (Opticks, page numbers). (Scholar)

Secondary Sources

The relevant secondary literature is vast. We confine ourselves to English-language literature and, more specifically, to the works cited in the text. These works can be consulted, in turn, for extensive references to other secondary literature.

• Allison, Henry E., 1983, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense, New Haven: Yale University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1996, Idealism and Freedom: Essays on Kant’s Theoretical and Practical Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139172875 (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense, revised and enlarged edition, New Haven: Yale University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, Custom and Reason in Hume: A Kantian Reading of the First Book of the Treatise, Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532889.001.0001 (Scholar)
• Baier, Annette C., 1991, A Progress of Sentiments, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Barfoot, Michael, 1990, “Hume and the Culture of Science in the Early Eighteenth Century”, in M. A. Stewart (ed.), Studies in the Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 151–190. (Scholar)
• Beauchamp, Tom L. & Alexander Rosenberg, 1981, Hume and the Problem of Causation, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Beck, Lewis White, 1978, “A Prussian Hume and a Scottish Kant”, in his Essays on Kant on Hume, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, pp. 111–129. (Scholar)
• Bird, Graham, 1962, Kant’s Theory of Knowledge: An Outline of One Central Argument in the “Critique of Pure Reason”, New York: Humanities Press. (Scholar)
• Buchdahl, Gerd, 1969, Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Science, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. (Scholar)
• –––, 1972 [1974], “The Conception of Lawlikeness in Kant’s Philosophy of Science”, in Proceedings of the Third International Kant Congress, Lewis White Beck (ed.), Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 4: 149–171. Reprinted in Kant’s Theory of Knowledge, Lewis White Beck (ed.), Dordrecht: Reidel, 1974, pp. 128–150. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-3099-1_9 doi:10.1007/978-94-010-2294-1_14 (Scholar)
• Cohen, I. Bernard, 1999, “A Guide to Newton’s Principia”, in I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman (trans.), The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy by Isaac Newton, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 1–370. (Scholar)
• De Pierris, Graciela, 2001, “Hume’s Pyrrhonian Skepticism and the Belief in Causal Laws”, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 39(3): 351–383. doi:10.1353/hph.2003.0121 (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, “Causation as a Philosophical Relation in Hume”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 64(3): 499–545. doi:10.1111/j.1933-1592.2002.tb00159.x (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Hume and Locke on Scientific Methodology: The Newtonian Legacy”, Hume Studies, 32(2): 277–329. [De Pierris 2006 available online (PDF)] (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, Ideas, Evidence, and Method: Hume’s Skepticism and Naturalism concerning Knowledge and Causation, Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716785.001.0001 (Scholar)
• Fogelin, Robert J., 1985, Hume’s Skepticism in the Treatise of Human Nature, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Scholar)
• Friedman, Michael, 1992a, “Causal Laws and the Foundations of Natural Science”, in Paul Guyer (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Kant, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 161–199. doi:10.1017/ccol0521365872.006 (Scholar)
• –––, 1992b, Kant and the Exact Sciences, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, “The Prolegomena and Natural Science”, in Holger Lyre and Oliver Schliemann (eds), Kant: Prolegomena. Ein kooperativer Kommentar, Frankfurt: Klostermann, pp. 299–326. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, Kant’s Construction of Nature: A Reading of the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139014083 (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, “Kant’s Conception of Causal Necessity and Its Legacy”, in Michela Massimi and Angela Breitenbach (eds), Kant and the Laws of Nature, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 195–213. doi:10.1017/9781316389645.011 (Scholar)
• Garrett, Don, 1997, Cognition and Commitment in Hume’s Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Guyer, Paul, 1987, Kant and the Claims of Knowledge, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511624766 (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, Kant’s System of Nature and Freedom: Selected Essays, Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273461.001.0001 (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, Knowledge, Reason, and Taste: Kant’s Response to Hume, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Kemp Smith, Norman, 1941, The Philosophy of David Hume: A Critical Study of Its Origins and Central Doctrines, London: MacMillan. (Scholar)
• Koyré, Alexandre, 1965, Newtonian Studies, London: Chapman and Hall. (Scholar)
• Kuhn, Thomas S., 1957, The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy and the Development of Western Thought, New York: Random House. (Scholar)
• Laywine, Alison, 1993, Kant’s Early Metaphysics and the Origins of the Critical Philosophy, Atascadero, Ca.: Ridgeview. (Scholar)
• Melnick, Arthur, 1973, Kant’s Analogies of Experience, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Owen, David, 1999, Hume’s Reason, Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/0199252602.001.0001 (Scholar)
• Paton, H. J., 1936, Kant’s Metaphysic of Experience: A Commentary on the First Half of the Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft, 2 vols., London: Allen & Unwin. (Scholar)
• Stein, Howard, 1967, “Newtonian Space-Time”, Texas Quarterly, 10: 174–200. (Scholar)
• Strawson, Galen, 1989, The Secret Connexion: Causation, Realism, and David Hume, Oxford: Clarendon Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199605842.001.0001 (Scholar)
• Stroud, Barry, 1977, Hume, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Scholar)
• Van Cleve, James, 1973, “Four Recent Interpretations of Kant’s Second Analogy”, Kant-Studien, 64: 69–87. (Scholar)
• Watkins, Eric, 2005, Kant and the Metaphysics of Causality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511614217 (Scholar)
• Wolff, Robert Paul, 1960, “Kant’s Debt to Hume via Beattie”, Journal of the History of Ideas, 21(1): 117–123. doi:10.2307/2708003 (Scholar)
• –––, 1963, Kant’s Theory of Mental Activity: A Commentary on the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Wright, John P., 1983, The Sceptical Realism of David Hume, Manchester, Lancashire: Manchester University Press. (Scholar)