Viewpoint relativism, A New Approach to Epistemological Relativism based on the Concept of Points of View
Springer (
2020)
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Abstract
This book offers new insights into truth, knowledge, and reality. It details a unique
approach to epistemological relativism based on the concept of points of view. In a point of view, an aspect represents an object for a subject. By applying this concept of points of view, the author develops a consistent and adequate form of relativism, called viewpoint relativism, according to which epistemic questions like “Is X true (or justified or existing)” are viewpoint-dependent.
The monograph examines central issues related to epistemological relativism. It
analyzes major arguments pro and con from different opinions. The author presents
the arguments of well-known philosophers. These include such thinkers as Paul
Boghossian, John Dewey, Nelson Goodman, Martin Kusch, C.I. Lewis, John MacFarlane, Hilary
Putnam, W.V.O. Quine, Richard Rorty, John Searle, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. In
the process, the author deconstructs the standard account of correspondence theory
of truth.
Viewpoint relativism is a moderate relativism, which is not subjected to standard
criticism of extreme relativism. This book argues that knowledge creation presupposes
openness to different points of view and their comparison. It also explores the broader
implications of viewpoint relativism into current debate about truth in society.
The author defends a critical relativism, which accepts pluralism but is critical against
all points of view. In the conclusion, he explores the relevance of viewpoint relativism
to democracy by showing that the main threat of modern democratic society is not
pluralism but absolutism and fundamentalism.