Abstract

In the historical context of the ancient Roman Empire, especially in Southwestern Spain, this study employs fuzzy logic methodology to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of topographical measurement instruments. These instruments—specifically the groma, surveyor's square, dioptra, chorobate, and odometer—were instrumental in shaping the region's infrastructure and played a crucial role in ancient engineering projects. Fuzzy logic is strategically utilized to assign fuzzy values ranging between 0 and 1 to five pivotal characteristics: precision, complexity, versatility, durability, and ease of use. These attributes enable a nuanced evaluation of each instrument. For instance, an instrument known for its precision would be assigned a value closer to 1, while one with lower precision would receive a value closer to 0. The outcomes of this research provide a multifaceted perspective on the historical importance of these instruments in Southwestern Spain during the Roman era. By offering detailed assessments of their strengths and weaknesses through fuzzy logic-based comparisons, the study highlights the suitability of each tool for distinct measurement requirements. By illustrating the adaptability of fuzzy logic in evaluating historical instruments, this research introduces a novel approach that can be applied to various contexts. It not only reveals the pivotal role played by these instruments during the Roman Empire but also underscores their relevance to contemporary surveying and topography, providing a valuable bridge between ancient and modern practices.