Abstract

The problem of apparent irrationality is the central concern of this essay. How is an ethnographer to respond when she comes across beliefs or behavior which seem crazy, foolish, or irrational? The first Chapter attempts to make the question precise and to get a clear view of what makes apparent irrationality problematic. It argues that the issue is an epistemological problem about an ethnographer's grounds for rejecting her current theory and adopting a revised theory. ;The contemporary debate over these issues involves semantics and interpretation theory as well as epistemology. Chapter 2 discusses the truth-conditional view of interpretation and its ramifications for ethnography. Some philosophers have argued that a condition of interpretation is that some beliefs and conceptions must be shared by the ethnographer and the natives. The arguments for this claim are analyzed and rejected. Chapter 3 sketches an alternative view of interpretation. It draws on the work of de Saussure, Wittgenstein, and Ziff to forge a view that does not have the unpalatable consequences of the truth-conditional view. ;It is a consequence of the view developed in Chapter 3 that the study of a language depends crucially on the study of the beliefs, attitudes and culture of the language users. The point is brought to bear against Quine's doctrine of indeterminacy in Chapter 4. It is argued that the dependence of observation on theory requires that an interpretation depend on theories about the native's culture. Interpretation theories are thus analogous to underdetermined theories in the natural sciences. ;An important approach to the problem of apparent irrationality supplements a truth-conditional view of interpretation with a foundationalist epistemology. The final Chapter criticizes the foundationalism of the "neo-rationalist" approach. The conception of coherence played an important role in the view of interpretation developed in Chapter 3 and 4. Chapter 5 gives this conception explicit content. The coherence based view is then applied to the problem of apparent irrationality. The Chapter concludes that a coherence based conceptualization of the epistemology of ethnography is more satisfactory than the neo-rationalist alternative