Abstract

First, unlike Western metaphysics, "the meaning of words", and certain aspects of the "real meaning" of "physical later" , the connotation of Chinese Metaphysics, can be much broader: in addition to "physical later" than , there are "ethical after" , and "symbol after" . Of course, "after physics" of metaphysics, the "super-physical" is still a "symbol should be" as a criterion of truth; and "after ethics" and "super-ethics" and "symbol after" and "super- symbol "is based on" experience "and" enlightenment " as the way leading to the word of truth. Second, "after physics" of metaphysics into the road, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle originally Western to open its side, and the Middle Ages large哲多瑪斯 is extremely flow . Modern times to also, as "physics" with each passing day, founded on the physical, but also to "go beyond" metaphysics of physics, so bumpy road, suffered enough: there is the father of modern philosophy, Descartes , down from a height into metaphysics, making it an equal footing with physics; this form of confusion on the form under the trend, although not devoid of reason to climb up, until the tendency to form on the field; However, subsequent large Zhekang De Germany , footed, the right to play the traditional principle of cause and effect, left to fight the emerging rationalism and empiricism; there is drying up investment and whip the crisis; especially to lay their sacrifice metaphysics of physics; more There are empirical , and the analysis carried out by the philosophy , altogether deny the existence of the possibility of metaphysics; metaphysics so it can suffer from Mo Yu's unprecedented disaster. Fortunately, contemporary new Scholasticism , relying on its "eternal philosophy" of the ancient tradition, has been gradually beyond the "physical after" thinking into the road, and trying a variety of emerging and contemporary knowledge exchanges , communication, integration, message of hope rebuild metaphysics glory. Third, "after physics" thinking into the way the world of sensory phenomena through observation, to examine the truth behind the sensory world. also have this idea into the way: V sacrifice one draw gossip, the use of the Yang Guan and look down in the "class of all things love" outside, but can "to pass the gods of virtue", is a typical example. However, the Chinese Confucian philosophy has been the mainstream, ethical thinking has always been the core; its metaphysics and hence "ethical," when their ideas into the road through the "ethics" to find the ultimate basis of morality. Confucianism Confucius began, in addition to propose a variety of virtues, advising people to avoid evil, do good outside, is that "why the moral," the philosophical question, but in some respects, but also put forward a clear answer. "Heaven" concept is one of the core. Fourth, in addition to Chinese philosophy, Confucianism, the Taoist is. Taoism from Lao Tzu started, it is considered to have profound metaphysical thought; its "Road" to explore the concept can be said that the standard "ontology" issue. However, the certain "channel" and "non-road", but rather through the "metaphor" to understand, so its metaphysics to become a "symbol after" character. "Road" Although only able to "characters, called Road", but the shape of the body on the character, but still very clear. Five, Confucius beyond the "days", by Mencius of the "conscientious intellectual conceivable days", and "deliberately cultivation in a matter days," the doctrine, transformed into memory; up to Neo, New Confucianism is more the way things are placed in people's minds; really "extreme idealist" position. On the other hand, I go beyond the "Road", also by Chuang Tzu of the "Road in the feces female" transformation into memory; this "Road ubiquitous" thinking, it has become a Taoist two millennia of "pantheism" theory. Sixth, whether "there" beyond the body or memory, but also whether idealism or pantheism, the Chinese metaphysical thinking into the way, I can still climb thinning out "after physics", "Ethics after", "symbol after" three sides dimension. 1.Being different from both the 'literal meaning' of the western metaphysics and in certain sense the 'real meaning' of 'Meta-physica', the inner meaning of Chinese metaphysics would be broader, that is to say, in addition to ' Meta-physica ', there are' Meta-ethica 'and' meta-phorica 'in Chinese metaphysics. Of course, the' supra-physic 'of the metaphysics of' Meta-physica 'still takes' conformity' as the criterion of judgment . And the 'supra-ethic' of 'Meta-ethica' and the 'supra-symbolic' of 'Meta-phorica' take 'experience' and 'understanding ' as the way to the truth. 2. The Greek philosopher Aristotle is the originator of the metaphysical approach of 'Meta-physica', and Thomas Aquinas , the great philosopher in the Middle Ages, takes it to the summit. From the modern time onwards, owing to the rapid development of physics, metaphysics, which is based on physics and at the same time 'transcends' physics, faces a rough time. The father of modem philosophy, Rene Descarte makes metaphysics equal with physics. The confoundedness of metaphysics and physics, however, is not enough to curb the tendency of reason towards the realm of metaphysic. Then the German philosopher Immanuel Kant attacks on the one hand the principle of causality and criticizes on the other hand Rationalism and Empiricism, which leads to many crises, especially sacrificing metaphysics to make basis for physics. Moreover, Empiricism and its later development, Analytical Philosophy, deny the possibility of metaphysics. Thus metaphysics encounters an enonnous catastrophe. Fortunately, the contemporary Neo-Scholastic Philosophy with its millennial tradition of 'Philosophy perennis' gradually surpasses the approach of 'Meta-physica' and tries to communicate with modern sciences in order to recover the glory of metaphysics. 3. The approach of 'Meta-physic a' examines the reality behind the sensible world by virtue of observing the sensible world, which is the same as the way of thinking in the Great Appendix of the I-King. Take a classic example, Fu Shi draws the eight trigrams by virtue of observing the world, which could see through the power of the divine and the imperceptible expressions of all things. However, Confucianism is always the mainstream of Chinese philosophy, of whose thought morality is the core. The Confucian metaphysics is therefore 'Meta-ethica', whose way of thinking is looking for the ultimate basis of morality through 'moral prescription. Starting with Confucius , besides proposing various virtues, and doing what is good and avoiding what is evil, Confucianism points out the philosophical question' Why is morality 'and meanwhile in certain respects gives explicit answers to it. The notion of' Heaven 'is the central idea. 4. In addition to the Confucianism, there is Taoism in the Chinese philosophy. Starting with Laotzu , Taoism is regarded as having profound metaphysical thought. The Taoist discussion of 'Tao' could be seen as a standard theme of 'ontology'. Whereas, Tao-fe-king affirms the 'Tao' as the 'unnamed Tao' which can only be understood through 'metaphor', Therefore his metaphysical achievement has the character of 'Meta-phoric'. Although 'Tao' can only be 'named as Tao', yet its metaphysically ontological character is still manifested. 5. Mencius , on the one hand, changes Confucius' transcendental 'Heaven' into the inner existence by virtue of the theories of 'knowing Heaven through studying mind and nature' and 'knowing Heaven through cultivating mind and nature'. In the Sung and the Ming Dynasties, the Neo-Confucianists put all things in the human mind, which really arrives at the realm of 'the Ultimate Idealism'. Chuangtzu , on the other hand, transforms Laotzu's transcendental 'Tao' into the inner existence through his theory of 'Tao in excrement.' This thought of 'Tao is everywhere' has become the Taoist Pan-theism for two thousand years. 6. No matter whether 'being' is ontological transcendence or inner existence, and no matter whether it is ideal or pan-theistic, the ways of thinking of the Chinese metaphysics can still be seen from the three dimensions: 'Meta-physica', 'Meta-ethica', and 'Meta-phorica'