The PhilPapers SurveysPreliminary Survey results (Back to contents)
A priori knowledge: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 42 / 47 (89.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Abstract objects: Platonism or nominalism?
| Accept or lean toward: Platonism | 22 / 47 (46.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: nominalism | 19 / 47 (40.4%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Accept another alternative | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Reject both | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Aesthetic value: objective or subjective?
| Accept or lean toward: objective | 31 / 47 (66.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: subjective | 10 / 47 (21.3%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 37 / 47 (78.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 7 / 47 (14.9%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Epistemic justification: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 18 / 47 (38.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 17 / 47 (36.2%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| Accept both | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept another alternative | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
External world: idealism, skepticism, or non-skeptical realism?
| Accept or lean toward: non-skeptical realism | 40 / 47 (85.1%) |
| Accept or lean toward: idealism | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: skepticism | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Skip | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Free will: compatibilism, libertarianism, or no free will?
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 27 / 47 (57.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: compatibilism | 12 / 47 (25.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no free will | 5 / 47 (10.6%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept another alternative | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
God: theism or atheism?
| Accept or lean toward: theism | 34 / 47 (72.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: atheism | 9 / 47 (19.1%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Reject both | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
Knowledge claims: contextualism, relativism, or invariantism?
| Accept or lean toward: invariantism | 19 / 47 (40.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: contextualism | 18 / 47 (38.3%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 6 / 47 (12.8%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Reject one, undecided between others | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Knowledge: empiricism or rationalism?
| Accept or lean toward: rationalism | 22 / 47 (46.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: empiricism | 12 / 47 (25.5%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Accept another alternative | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Reject both | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Other | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Laws of nature: Humean or non-Humean?
| Accept or lean toward: non-Humean | 37 / 47 (78.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Humean | 7 / 47 (14.9%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Logic: classical or non-classical?
| Accept or lean toward: classical | 28 / 47 (59.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-classical | 7 / 47 (14.9%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 5 / 47 (10.6%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Accept both | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Mental content: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 19 / 47 (40.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 16 / 47 (34.0%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 5 / 47 (10.6%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Accept another alternative | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Meta-ethics: moral realism or moral anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: moral realism | 41 / 47 (87.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: moral anti-realism | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Other | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Metaphilosophy: naturalism or non-naturalism?
| Accept or lean toward: non-naturalism | 27 / 47 (57.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: naturalism | 9 / 47 (19.1%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 7 / 47 (14.9%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Mind: physicalism or non-physicalism?
| Accept or lean toward: non-physicalism | 30 / 47 (63.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: physicalism | 13 / 47 (27.7%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept another alternative | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
Moral judgment: cognitivism or non-cognitivism?
| Accept or lean toward: cognitivism | 42 / 47 (89.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-cognitivism | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Moral motivation: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 16 / 47 (34.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 13 / 47 (27.7%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 9 / 47 (19.1%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept both | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Skip | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Newcomb's problem: one box or two boxes?
| Accept or lean toward: one box | 13 / 47 (27.7%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 12 / 47 (25.5%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 10 / 47 (21.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: two boxes | 10 / 47 (21.3%) |
| There is no fact of the matter | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Normative ethics: deontology, consequentialism, or virtue ethics?
| Accept or lean toward: deontology | 15 / 47 (31.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: virtue ethics | 14 / 47 (29.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: consequentialism | 6 / 47 (12.8%) |
| Accept more than one | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Reject all | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept another alternative | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Reject one, undecided between others | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Other | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Perceptual experience: disjunctivism, qualia theory, representationalism, or sense-datum theory?
| Accept or lean toward: representationalism | 10 / 47 (21.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: qualia theory | 9 / 47 (19.1%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 8 / 47 (17.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: disjunctivism | 5 / 47 (10.6%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 5 / 47 (10.6%) |
| Reject one or two, undecided between others | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept more than one | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: sense-datum theory | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept another alternative | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| There is no fact of the matter | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Personal identity: biological view, psychological view, or further-fact view?
| Accept or lean toward: further-fact view | 16 / 47 (34.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: psychological view | 11 / 47 (23.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: biological view | 9 / 47 (19.1%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept another alternative | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Reject all | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Accept more than one | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Politics: communitarianism, egalitarianism, or libertarianism?
| Accept or lean toward: communitarianism | 11 / 47 (23.4%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 9 / 47 (19.1%) |
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 8 / 47 (17.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: egalitarianism | 7 / 47 (14.9%) |
| Accept another alternative | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Reject all | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Reject one, undecided between others | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Accept more than one | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Proper names: Fregean or Millian?
| Accept or lean toward: Fregean | 13 / 47 (27.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Millian | 13 / 47 (27.7%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 11 / 47 (23.4%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Other | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Science: scientific realism or scientific anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: scientific realism | 39 / 47 (83.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: scientific anti-realism | 6 / 47 (12.8%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Teletransporter (new matter): survival or death?
| Accept or lean toward: death | 22 / 47 (46.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: survival | 15 / 47 (31.9%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| There is no fact of the matter | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Time: A-theory or B-theory?
| Accept or lean toward: A-theory | 19 / 47 (40.4%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 10 / 47 (21.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: B-theory | 10 / 47 (21.3%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| There is no fact of the matter | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Accept another alternative | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
| Accept an intermediate view | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Trolley problem (five straight ahead, one on side track, turn requires switching, what ought one do?): switch or don't switch?
| Accept or lean toward: switch | 33 / 47 (70.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: don't switch | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| There is no fact of the matter | 3 / 47 (6.4%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Reject both | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Truth: correspondence, deflationary, or epistemic?
| Accept or lean toward: correspondence | 31 / 47 (66.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: deflationary | 5 / 47 (10.6%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: epistemic | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Other | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| Reject one, undecided between others | 1 / 47 (2.1%) |
Zombies: inconceivable, conceivable but not metaphysically possible, or metaphysically possible?
| Accept or lean toward: metaphysically possible | 20 / 47 (42.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: conceivable but not metaphysically possible | 13 / 47 (27.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: inconceivable | 6 / 47 (12.8%) |
| Insufficiently familiar with the issue | 4 / 47 (8.5%) |
| Agnostic/undecided | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
| The question is too unclear to answer | 2 / 47 (4.3%) |
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