The terminology tianxia has both historical evolution and cultural and philosophical connotations. This concept not only denotes a geographical and spatial meaning, but also implies the moral construct of metaphysics. A systematic study of its historical and cultural repercussions can show that the evolution of the meaning "tianxia" not only embodies the cosmological construction, moral belief and self-identity of the Chinese nation, but also manifests the historical processes of modern China evolving from "tianxia" to a modern nation-state. Meanwhile, the deconstruction (...) of the tianxia cosmology has shattered the old Chinese concept of a single united tianxia, or the whole world under one Heaven. Also, "Confucian China" has been increasingly losing its vitality and strong hold on the people, while the concept of nation-state has gained its way into people's consciousness, which has added more diversity and open-mindedness to the concept of tianxia. (shrink)