Durkheim historien de la philosophie

Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 195 (3):275-301 (2005)
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Abstract

L'intérêt de Durkheim pour Fhistoire de la philosophie a ete generalement sousestime. Son opinion longtemps négative sur cette discipline céda la place à une attention grandissante, au fur et à mesure qu'il développait sa sociologie de la religion. Philosophie et religion firent ainsi leur entree dans le nouvel espace épistémologique qu'il consacra, sous le signe de l' histoire, à l'etude des systèmes de représentation. L'approche de Durkheim à l' histoire de la philosophie est largement redevable à l'historiographie de son époque. Son originalité consiste surtout dans l'application à la production des idées philosophiques d'un modèle d'explication sociologique ambitieux et complexe, élaboré notamment dans L'évolution pédagogique en France. Ce modèle permet á Durkheim de prendre position dans quelques débats historiographiques majeurs de l'époque, tels que la querelle médiévale des universaux ou l'interprétation du cartésianisme. Durkheim 's interest for the history of philosophy was widely underestimated. His opinion, which had been for quite a long while rather a negative one about the latter discipline, gradually turned into a growing attention all along he was turning towards developing his sociology of religion. Thus philosophy and religion entered the new epistemological field he devoted, with reference to history, to the study of systems of representation. Durkheim 's approach for the history of philosophy is widely influenced by the historiography of his time. Its originality rests mainly on the application to the production of philosophical ideas of a model of sociological explanation which is both ambitious and complex, to be seen mainly in his book L'evolution pedagogique en France. Such a model enables Durkheim to hold a position in some of the major historiographical debates of his time, such as the Middle Age quarrel over the universals or the interpretation of cartesianism.

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Giovanni Paoletti
University of Pisa

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