Conflits, Lois et mémoire. Vico et machiavel

Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 189 (1):35-60 (1999)
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Abstract

On trouve certainement dans l'œuvre de Vico une critique acerbe de Machiavel. Mais l'intérêt de confronter ces deux auteurs est de découvrir la complexité de ce que l'on nomme souvent l' « antimachiavélisme » de Vico. En effet, bien qu'il dénonce, chez Machiavel, la confusion du juste et de l'utile ainsi que l'oubli de la Providence, Vico décrit, dans la Scienza nuova, une logique historique des conflits politiques qui s'avère semblable en de nombreux points à ce que l'on peut lire dans les Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. En analysant, d'abord chez Machiavel puis chez Vico, la question du désir politique de la liberté, le couple de la loi et du conflit ainsi que le rôle de la mémoire, on tente d'approfondir le rapport de ces deux philosophies. We certainly find in Vico's works a kind of severe criticism of Machiavelli. But the main interest in confronting both authors is that we discover the complexity of what is commonly called Vico's « antimachiavellism ». Indeed, though he denies, in Machiavelli, the confusion of what is useful with what is justice and the omission of Providence, Vico describes, in the Scienza nuova, an historical logic of the political conflicts similar in many ways to what we can read in the Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. By analysing, first in Machiavelli then in Vico, the question of the political desire of freedom, the couple of law and conflict as well as the function of memory, we attempt to go deeper into the relationship between both philosophical approaches.

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