Abstract

If the basilar concept of Ecology is the “Ecosystem” is this a desecrating title? The answer depends on considerations related to the challenges come up by Reality, which is complex, creative and needing freedom: these questions brought Galilean scientific method and Science to crisis and drove them towards a change of its fundamental principles, therefore to new scientific paradigms. That’s the reason of new biological disciplines, more available to study complex systems, e.g. epigenetics, agroecology, systemic medicine, bionomics, and environmental health. All of them, especially bionomics, underline the limits of ecology in studying complex systems: here the ambiguity of the concept of ecosystem, a reinterpretation of biodiversity and resilience and the completion of the Spectrum of Biological Organization on Earth are briefly enlightened.Well, what’s Bionomics? It’s the new discipline investigating the Laws of Life on Earth as a hierarchical organization of complex systems, acting as living entities: so, it transforms many principles of traditional Ecology and confirms the preeminent importance of the systemic approach to correctly evaluate and care the Planetary Health, to which it gives a wide theoretical corpus. A short synthesis of some of the main aspects of Bionomics and Landscape Bionomics is given.